BAC LIEU - Cochinchina
Kumenya: 658
MARCEL BERNANOISE1
Ine
Chigawo cha Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] ili pakati pa 8 ° 30 mpaka 9 ° 30 latitunda kumpoto, ndipo 102 ° 20 ndi 104 ° kutalika kum'mawa. Ili ndi kumpoto ndi chigawo cha Soctrang [Sóc Trăng] ndi Rachgia [Rạch Giá], kum'mwera pafupi ndi East Sea, kumadzulo kwa Gulf of Siam, ndi kum'mawa komweko ndi Nyanja Yakum'mawa. Ikukhala pamalo owoneka bwino okwanira mahekitala 720.000 ndipo ili ndi anthu 179.316, wopangidwa motere: French and Naturaled French 107; azungu ena a 2; theka-mtundu French maphunziro 66; Annamites ochokera ku Cochin-China 131.877; Annamites ochokera Annam [An Nam], Tonkin ndi Cambodia 1.328; Minh Huong [Minh Hương] 11.094; Mchina 9.285; Achambodiya 25.452; Malaya 55; Amwenye 56, onse okhala 179.316. Chigawo chimathiriridwa ndi Rach Baclieu [Rạch Bạc Liêu], Rach Mythanh [Rạch Mỹ Thanh], a Rach Cai Huu [Rạch Cái Hữu] ndi Masitepe [Cà Mau] ngalande. Pali njira zisanu zazikulu m'boma: Choyamba kuchokera Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] kupita kunyanja ndi gawo la Antrach, wachiwiri kuchokera Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] kuti Nthano [Mỹ Thạnh] m'mudzi wa Vinhchau [Vĩnh Châu], Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] mseu wopita Gia Hoi [Gia Hội], Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] mseu wopita Phong Thanh (Phong Thạnh) (Chikodi (Gia Rai)) m'mphepete mwa Camau, msewu wa Baclieu wopita ku Soctrang (makilomita 49). Posachedwa njira yopita ku Phong Thanh Masitepe [Cà Mau] watha. Mtunda kuchokera Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] kuti Saigon [Sài Gòn] kudzera njira yachikoloni N ° 16 ndi 270km. Chigawochi chimathandizidwanso ndi maboti a "Messageries fluviales". Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] ndi amodzi mwa malo ofunika kwambiri ampunga kumadzulo. Kumangiridwa kwa Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] ndiye nthumwi ya Masitepe [Cà Mau]… yomwe ili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa Cochin-China, ndipo idasokonekera kumpoto ndi Rachgia [Rạch Giá], kum'mwera pafupi ndi East Sea, kum'mawa ndi dera la Baclieu [Bạc Liêu], ndipo kumadzulo kwa Gulf of Siam. Zilumba za Poulo Obi, kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa chilumba, zimadalira dera la Baclieu [Bạc Liêu]. Samakhala. Amakutidwa ndi nkhalango zomwe zili ndi zofunika. Nyumba yopepuka idakhazikitsidwa kuti ikuthandize oyendetsa sitimayo kuti abweretse izi Masitepe [Cà Mau] popanda chowopsa. Mwa madera opitilira muyeso, mahekitala 40.000 ndi amtengo wapatali. Mbali zambiri za dzikolo ndi chigwa chachikulu kwambiri chopanda mitambo, yokutidwa ndi nkhalango za "Sitimayi”[Trầm] ndi“Gia”[Giá], ndikupanga sera-sera ndi uchi, kapena malo akulu, osabereka, omwe amayendayenda kuno ndi uko ndimadziwe amvula. Nthaka, yomwe idapangidwa posachedwa kwambiri kuposa chakudya cha Mekong [Mê Kông], adapangidwa ndi kubweza pang'onopang'ono kwa madzi a Gulf of Siam. Kuyenda kwamadzi kumeneku kumayenera kukhala kunali kosasinthika kwenikweni, chifukwa pakati pa zokonda zomaliza za Bassac ndi za Gulf, pamakhala kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwapakati, nthawi zonse pansi pamadzi, mtundu wamtundu wachilengedwe wosonkhanitsa madzi otsalira kuchokera mumitsinje nthawi yamadzi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Dera lachiwombali, lomwe mbali yake limakhala ndi “Sitimayi"Nkhalango za [Trầm] zomwe zitha kufananizidwa ndi" Plains of Jones "zimatchedwa kuti" mabungwe "Lang-Bien”[Lặng Biển] (nyanja yamtendere). Apa ndipamene munthu amapeza magwero amsewu wabwino wamadzi womwe umadutsana ndi peninsula ndipo umapangidwa bwino kwambiri ndi ma hydrographical network Masitepe [Cà Mau] ndiye wofunikira kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, mitsinje iyi, ndi madzi ake akuda kuchokera pakuwola kwa masamba obiriwira a nkhalango, imadzazidwa ndi matope, omwe pang'onopang'ono amapanga zotchinga pakamwa pa mitsinje. Mphepoyi ikuwoneka kuti yadzaza ndi mchenga. Nyengo ya Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] wathanzi. Kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nyanja (4km pamzere wolunjika) kutentha kumasungunuka ndi kamphepo kazaka chonse. Tsoka ilo zomwezo sizinganenedwe Masitepe [Cà Mau]. Madzi ena amvula oyamba kudera lachifupi la kubereka, kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Monsoon, majeremusi am'mimba.
II. Gawo Loyang'anira
Chigawo cha Baclieu [Bạc Liêu] lagawidwa m'magawo anayi, kapena magawo oyang'anira: Masitepe [Ca Mau], Giarai [Gia Rai], Vinhloi [Vĩnh Lợi] (tawuni yayikulu) ndi Vinhchau [Vĩnh Châu]. Chigawo cha Masitepe [Cà Mau] ali pansi pa nthumwi ya ku Europe, enawo amalamulidwa ndi Doc Phu Su [Đốc Phủ Sứ], Phu [Phủ] kapena amathawa [Huyện]. Kupatula tawuni yayikulu ya Vinhloi [Vĩnh Lợi], palinso madera ena oyenera kuyendera. Awa ndi midzi ya Vinhchau [Vĩnh Châu], likulu lolemera, lokhalamo anthu amkhola la Thanhhung [Thạnh Hưng], Laihoa ndi masamba ake abwino, gombe la Wanga Thanh [Mỹ Thạnh], Longthanh [Long Thành], Khalidwe [Hoà Bình], mudzi womwe umakhala wokongola tsiku ndi tsiku, Othandizira [An Xuyên] (likulu la Camau [Cà Mau] kumene munthu amasilira mmbali mwa mitsinje ya Nyimbo ya Ong Doc [Sông Ông Đốc], ndi zina.
III. Economical Yachuma
Mpunga umalimidwa m'minda yambiri yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazifukwa izi. Doko la Masitepe [Cà Mau] ali ndi mayendedwe apanyanja ofunikira Bangkok [Băng Kốc], Hainan [Hải Nam] ndi Singapore. Masitepe [Cà Mau] imapereka mipata yabwino kwambiri yazikhalidwe zamtchire, uchi ndi sera-njuchi zimapezeka zochuluka ndikupanga malonda ofunikira. Koma pakukulirakulira kwa malo, njuchi zikuchoka m'chigawochi kupita kwina. Makala a Masitepe [Cà Mau] ikufunika kwambiri, ndipo imawonedwa ngati yabwino kwambiri ku Cochin-China. Zambiri zimatumizidwa kudera lonse, ngakhale ku Cambodia. The Masitepe [Cà Mau] kutulutsa kuli pafupifupi matani 50.000 ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zida 400 za njerwa zomwe China ndi Annamites amagwiritsa ntchito. Masitepe [Cà Mau] imaperekanso chaka chilichonse ma kiyubiki pafupifupi 5.000 makilogalamu osiyanasiyana a makungwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ma 6.000 CM a khungwa la tan kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamangati. Usodzi ndiwofunika kwambiri ndikupanga malonda ochulukirapo ndi China. Pomaliza paketi yothamangitsidwa m'mudzi wa Tan Duyet [Tân Duyệt] akufuna kwambiri. Makampaniwa amakhala amayi ndi atsikana achichepere, ndipo sangathe kukulitsa, m'malo mwake, amachepera pomwe nthaka idayeretsedwa mwachangu, ndikukonzekera kulimidwa. Zinyama zomwezi zimapezeka kuno ngati kwina kulikonse ku Cochin-China nkhumba ndi njati, ng'ombe sizimadziwika kawirikawiri. Pali masewera ambiri m'chigawo cha Baclieu, akambuku, nkhumba zakutchire, anyalugwe, maula, mavu, abakha, mbalame, marabout, heron. Malo abwino kwambiri osakira amapezeka m'miyala ya Thanhha [Thanh Hoá] ndi Thanhhung [Thạnh Hưng], ndi m'khosi mwa Longthuy [Long Thuỷ] (zitsamba, bakha).
BAN Lachiwiri THƯ
1 / 2020
ZINDIKIRANI:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Paint, anabadwira ku Valenciennes - dera lakumpoto kwambiri ku France. Chidule cha moyo ndi ntchito:
+ 1905-1920: Kugwira ntchito ku Indochina komanso kuyang'anira mishoni kwa Kazembe wa Indochina;
+ 1910: Mphunzitsi ku Far East School of France;
+ 1913: Kuwerenga zaluso zachilengedwe komanso kufalitsa zolemba zingapo zaukadaulo;
+ 1920: Anabwerera ku France ndipo anakonza ziwonetsero zaluso ku Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - zojambula za Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, komanso zikumbutso zina ochokera ku Far East;
+ 1922: Akufalitsa mabuku onena za zokongoletsa ku Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Adalandira mphotho yayikulu ku Colonial Exhibition ku Marseille, ndipo adagwirizana ndi wopanga mapulani a Pavillon de l'Indochine kuti apange zinthu zamkati;
+ 1952: Amwalira ali ndi zaka 68 ndipo amasiya zojambula zambiri ndi zithunzi;
+ 2017: Ntchito yake yopenta idayambitsidwa bwino ndi mbadwa zake.
ZOKHUDZA:
"Buku"LA COCHINCHINE”- Anatero Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng ĐứcOfalitsa, Hanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Words Mawu achi Vietnamese olimba mtima komanso owoneka bwino atsekedwa mkati mwa ziganizo zolembedwera ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz
ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ AYO Athu - La Cochinchine
◊ TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA
◊ etc.