Zambiri zokhudzana ndi The SET of BOOKS lotchedwa "KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO BWINO KWA CHIPANGANO CHA ANANAMESE ANTHU"

Kumenya: 407

Asso. Prof HUNG, NGUYEN MANH, PhD.

1. Ili ndi gulu la mabuku olembedwa mu French lolemba OGER ndipo lofalitsidwa mu Paris m'makope 200. Iliyonse ili ndi masamba 159 (OGER adalakwitsa pachikunja popeza pali masamba 156 okha), ndi zithunzi 32. Mwa masamba 156, 79 a iwo amachita ndi njira zogwirira ntchito, kuwonetsa, kufalitsa, zaluso zachilengedwe komanso zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku; 30 kuthana ndi ma index omwe akukhudzana ndi njira yaukatswiri, luso la chinese, masewera, ndi zoseweretsa, 40 mwaizi muli zomwe zalembedwazi Albums ndi Zamkatimu.

2. Mu gawo loyambitsa ntchito zamakolo - gawo limodzi mwazomwe zili m'bukuli - HENRI OGER wafotokoza zaluso zingapo monga lacquer, nsalu, mayi wa ngale-yosemedwa, kujambula nkhuni, kupanga mapepala ndi zina zamanja, zomwe OGER amaziyesa ngati zochokera pamapepala monga: parasol ndi mafani, zojambula zamitundu, kusindikiza mabuku. Kenako H. OGER adachita nawo angapo "mafakitale achilengedwe”Monga kumanga nyumba, mayendedwe, kuluka nsalu, zovala, kudaya, mafakitale a zakudya, kukonza mpunga, kupanga ufa wa mpunga, kuwedza nsomba komanso kupanga fodya…

3. Polimbana ndi zamisiri zakomweko, H. OGER watchera khutu ndikuwonetsetsa ntchito zaluso. Adalemba chilichonse, manja aliwonse, zida zamtundu uliwonse, ndipo adanenapo za zida, mtundu, maphunziro, momwe amagwirira ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, komanso kufananiza ndi zinthu za Japan, China…. Mwachidule, H. OGER anali atafotokoza za kukhalapo kwa zaluso zambiri panthawiyi kudzera m'malingaliro ake omwe sakanatha kupewa kukhala odzidalira, ndipo anali atafikiridwa pamalingaliro wamba omwe cholinga chake chinali kutengera ulamuliro waku France. Tiyeni tiwerenge mafotokozedwe angapo otsatirawa:

a. "Ambiri owonera omwe amakhala ku Annam nthawi zambiri amalemba m'mabuku awo a Ulendo kuti: mafakitale onse amawoneka kuti sapezeka ndipo ndi osafunikira ku Annam. Ndipo amakonda kunena kuti: ife (mwachitsanzo achi French) tisapeputse zopereka za amisiri achilengedwe pantchito zachuma zomwe tikufuna kufalitsa mdziko muno.".

b. OGER waona. "Alimi aku Vietnamese sayenera kukhala moyo wovuta chaka chonse, m'malo mwake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masiku opumira. M'masiku achisangalalo oterowo, alimi azisonkhana pamodzi ndikugwira ntchito ngati gulu la ogwira ntchito ndipo zinthu zomwe zimapangidwazo zidzakhala ndalama zomwe ntchito yodzala mpunga siyingawabweretsere, makamaka mtundu wa mpunga wa Indochinese".

c. Gulu lantchito ndi chiyani? Malinga ndi H. OGER: “Gulu limakhala ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu ziwiri: ogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito kunyumba kwa wolembedwa ntchito, ndipo wolembedwa ntchito amabwera kunyumba za ogwira ntchito kuti atenge zinthu zawo".

d. Mu chaputala china H. OGER adalemba kuti: "Vietnam ndi dziko lomwe limapanga utoto wambiri, ndipo utoto waku Kumpoto ndi wotsika mtengo makamaka. Chifukwa chake, zida zonse zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse zimakutidwa ndi utoto, zomwe zimawateteza ku kutentha koopsa komwe kumapangitsa kuti zolemba zamatabwa ziwonongeke mwachangu. Utoto wopangidwa sukwanira kungogwiritsa ntchito kumayiko ena, koma umapezekanso kwakukulu kwa amalonda akuluakulu ku Canton kuti alowe m'dziko lawo".

e. Akupanga lingaliro la zida za Vietnam za pa nthawi imeneyo, OGER amaganiza kuti: "njira yokhotakhota ku Vietnam siwosakhwima komanso yanzeru ngati yomwe Japan. The Vietnamese ingoyala utoto wapadera wamatabwa pazinthu zamatabwa kapena za nsungwi, zomwe kale amazipaka bwino, ndikugwiritsa ntchito dongo labwino kuti zibowolere zolakwika, ndikugulitsa zoperewera kwa anthu osauka. Pachifukwa chimenecho, zinthu zomwe zidakutidwa ndi pentiyo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoumbidwa komanso zomata ”.

f. Polimbana ndi mutu wokongoletsera, OGER akuganiza kuti wopanga lacquerer waku Vietnam amangobwereka ku "Zizindikiro za Sino-Vietnamese"Monga wopukutira,"ali pamalo ake maphunziro ambiri ochokera ku China omwe adawaphatikiza mosasamala". Pomaliza, Oger amakhulupirira kuti zojambula zamtundu wa Vietnam sizimayang'ana mitu yokongoletsera yatsopano "Kuchokera kwa makolo mpaka mbadwa, iwo adagawirana wina ndi mzake zinthu zambiri zomwe wopanga wina wosadziwika adazindikira kale mwalamulo". Mu chaputala china, tiwona kuti OGER anali atatchera khutu kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsa ntchito ndi manja ...

g. “Zowoneka ngati nsalu ndi njira yosavuta kuchitira. Ichi ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi a bamboo. Amayikanso pamisasa iwiri, ndipo silika amayikiramo. Anthu amalimbitsa chidacho ndi ulusi wawung'ono wozungulira kuzungulira chimango cha bamboo. Ponena za kakongoletsedwe kameneka, adajambula pasadakhale papepala la annamese, mtundu wa pepala labwino ndi pepala labwino. Mtunduwo umayikidwa pachimango cha nsungwi, ndipo wina amafalitsa pamwamba pake pepala la mpunga kapena chidutswa cha silika. Pogwiritsa ntchito burashi ya cholembera, wopukutirayo amasamutsa pateniyo pa silika. Mu chaputala chopezamo zoona pofotokoza zojambula zopweteka za anthu achinyengo, ife (mwachitsanzo aku French) tidzakumananso ndi njira yaluso yomwe imalola kuti munthu aberekane kwamuyaya ”.

h. "Ntchito ya wopetayo imafunikira kulimbikira ndi kuseketsa ndi kukoka kuposa luntha. Pachifukwa chimenecho munthu nthawi zambiri amalipira anyamata kapena atsikana, ndipo nthawi zina ana kuti agwire ntchitoyo. Ntchito yoti ichitidwe ndikupanga kamangidwe kake ndi ulusi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Wovala zovalayo amakhala patsogolo pa chimwalacho, ndipo miyendo yake imatambasulidwa pansi pake. Amagwira singano molunjika pachidutswa cha silika ndipo amakoka mwamphamvu ulusi osalola malo oterera. Iyi ndi njira yosungira kuti embeteriyo ikhale yabwino komanso yokhazikika. Pafupi ndi iye pali nyali, chifukwa amayenera kugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku kuti akwaniritse mauthengawa ambiri.
Nyali iyi imakhala ndi inkpot yamasentimita awiri yodzaza mafuta, yokhala ndi chingwe pakati pake. Wokongoletsa ku Vietnam amakhala pansi pa nyali yowotcherayo yomwe imasuta komanso kununkha. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikosavuta kuwona kuti sitipeza okalamba aliwonse omwe amagwira ntchito yokongoletsa nsalu - popeza achikulire nthawi zambiri amalembedwa ntchito kuti agwire ntchito zina za anthu aku Vietnam.

BAN TU THU
06 / 2020

ZINDIKIRANI:
Chitsime: Njira ya Anthu Annamese yolembedwa ndi Henri Oger, 1908-1909. Dr.Nguyen Manh Hung, Wofufuza & Wopanga.
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