Kuyambitsa Kwa Annamekinoloje - Phan Huy Le - Holylandvietnamstudies.com

KUYAMBITSA KWA Pulofesa mu Mbiri PHAN HUY LE - Purezidenti wa Historical Association of Vietnam - Gawo 1

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lolemba Le, Phan Huy ¹

HENRY OGER (1885-1936?) adakwaniritsa ntchito yake yotchedwa "Njira Yotengera Anthu Annamese”Zaka 1908-1909, ali ndi zaka 23-24 zokha ndipo ali payekha akuchita zaka ziwiri akugwira ntchito yankhondo Hanoi (1907-1909). The Maphunziro Apamwamba ndi Sukulu Yothandiza ndi zokambirana za anthu odziwika bwino akum'mawa monga LOUIS FINOT ndi SYLVAIN LÉVY, zamupatsa chidziwitso chofunikira pa mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha ku Asia, komanso chidwi cha Sayansi. Wopatsidwa mawonekedwe ndi malingaliro, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana poyerekeza ndi chitukuko chakumadzulo, H. OGER posakhalitsa adazindikira kuti moyo ndi ntchito zamanja mu Hanoi ndipo mawonekedwe ake ali ndi zinsinsi zomwe zimafunikira kudziwa. Malingaliro osaka ndi changu chaunyamata anali atabweretsa posachedwa achi French pazinthu zasayansi ndi malingaliro komanso malingaliro odabwitsa. Nthawi imeneyo, Ndemanga ya Indochinese (Đông dương tạp chí) anali atasindikiza m'zaka za m'ma 1907-1908 ntchito yofufuza yomwe inali ndi mutu Essays pa Tonkinese (Tiểu luận về người Bắc Kỳ) wa katswiri wodziwika bwino waku France GUSTAVE DUMOUTIER (1850-1904). Ili ndi ntchito yofufuza pamagulu azikhalidwe, kuyambira m'midzi kupita m'mabanja, miyambo ndi zizolowezi, komanso moyo wachikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo cha ku Tonkin. H. Kutsegula sanafune kuti adzifufuze pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyi, m'malo mwake adafuna kudzifotokozera yekha njira ina yoyambira, kuyambira kuwunika kofotokozera za chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndikulemba modzilemekeza komanso mwatsatanetsatane moyo wa anthu Hanoi ndi mbali yake. Tsiku ndi tsiku, limodzi ndi katswiri wazomangamanga, ankayenda m'misewu yonse ya Hanoi ndi midzi yomwe ili m'mphepete mwake, kuyesetsa kuti adziwe ndikupeza moyo wosiyana wa amalonda, amisiri amisiri, alimi, osangodzilemba, osati ndi zolemba zokha, koma makamaka ndi zojambula. Izi sizithunzi zojambulidwa ndi zaluso, mmalo mwake ndizojambula zapakhomo zosonyeza zachuma, zachikhalidwe, komanso zochitika zina, komanso ntchito zamanja zosiyanasiyana, moyo wamba wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu kudzera pakudya, kumwa, zosangalatsa zawo, zikondwerero zawo, zipembedzo zawo Zokhudza ntchito zamanja, wolemba adalowa mozama mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida, zida, komanso zolemba komanso magawo antchito pantchito yopanga. Pakuyambitsa ntchito yomwe ili ndi mutu Njira ya Annamese, wolemba amugawa m'magulu anayi:
(1) Kupanga zinthu kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe,
(2) Kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe,
(3) Kupanga zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzedwa,
(4) Moyo wamseri ndi wamgwirizano wa Dzina.

Izi ndi zinalembedwe zofunikira kwambiri zophatikizira zojambula pamanja zosiyanasiyana komanso moyo wothandizirana nawo womwe wolemba anali kufufuza ndi kufufuza. Bukuli lidasindikizidwa chaka chonse cha 1910, komabe masanjidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake sizinali momwe ziyenera kukhalira, momwe zimatengera makanema ojambula pamatanda, pomwe wolemba yekha adazindikira kuti: "Kutengera zolengedwa zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito matepi ndizothandiza kwambiri, pomwe sikungapewe zovuta zonse". (Mawu oyambira a H. Oger).

H. Kutsegula adachita kafukufuku wake m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa pafupifupi samalandira thandizo kuchokera ku mabungwe asayansi aku France ndi France. Anthu angapo amitima yabwino amuthandiza ndi ma piano 200 omwe angagwiritse ntchito ngati ndalama kuti athe kuzindikira ntchito yake yofufuza. Walemba ntchito 30 olemba natsegula fakitale yojambula nkhuni ndi zojambulajambula ku Yendetsani Gai Mudzi nyumba imodzi, yomwe kenako, adasamukira ku Vu Thach pagoda (komwe ndi, pakalipano, pa Ba Trieu st. Chigawo cha Hoan Kiem, Hanoi). M'miyezi yoposa iwiri, kuposanso Zojambula za 4000 alemba m'mabatani amitengo, pomwe, kudzera mwanjira yachikhalidwe yosindikiza, amasindikizidwa kukhala zosindikizira zosatseka pamtundu wapadera wa Rhamnoneuron pepala of Mudzi waku Buoi (Chigawo cha Tay Ho, Hanoi). Iyi ndi pulojekiti yomwe amayang'aniridwa ndikuyendetsa, kutengapo gawo kwa akatswiri ena ojambula ku Vietnam ndi olemba nkhuni.

Ntchitoyi idakwaniritsidwa zaka ziwiri za 1908-1909 ndipo kufalitsa kwake kudachitika mu 1910 mu Hanoi Pofalitsa nyumba ziwiri: Geuthner ndi Jouve & Co. in Paris, koma ntchito yosindikizidwa ilibe tsiku lofalitsa. Ndicho chifukwa chake kunalibe kusungitsa kukopera ku Paris, pomwe malo ogulitsa mabuku France samasunga zomwe zalembedwa. Mu Vietnam, makope awiri okha a H. Kutsegulantchito zimasungidwa ku Library ya Hanoi National ndi pa Laibulale ya Sayansi Yaikulu mu HoChiMinh mzinda. Atasindikizidwa, ntchito yosindikizidwa idayiwalika kwa nthawi yayitali, monga ngati moyo wovuta wa wolemba wake. Atamaliza ntchito yake yankhondo. H. Kutsegula anabwerera France mu 1909 ndipo adakhalapo Colombia College. Mu 1910, adasankhidwa kukhala mkulu woyang'anira Indochina, kenako mu 1914 anabwerera ku France chifukwa cha thanzi lake loipa. Nkhondo yapadziko lonse idayamba, adalowa nawo Gulu lankhondo. Kutsatira kwake, mu 1916, adatumizidwanso ku Indochina kukakhala wothandizira wamkulu wa tawuni ya Quang Yen. Komabe, malingaliro ake azikhalidwe ndi malingaliro azikhalidwe sizigwirizana ndi omwe anali mkulu wa atsamunda, ndipo izi zidamupangitsa kuti akaganiziridwe, kufufuzidwa, ndipo mu 1919, adakakamizidwa kuti abwerere ku France, ndikuyamba kupuma pantchito yake mu 1920. Ndiye, zikuwoneka kuti adanenedwa kuti wasowa mu 1936? Malingaliro ake azikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe, komanso zambiri zomwe adafufuza zidasokonezedwa. Ntchitoyi idasindikizidwa ndi mutu waching'ono: "Amasankha pa moyo wakuthupi, zaluso ndi mafakitale a anthu a Annam"(Essais sur la vie matérielle, les art and mafakitale ndi peuple d'Annam), pomwe ili ndi zenizeni, ili ndi kufunika kwa Buku lonena za moyo wathunthu wa anthu Hanoi ndi kufalikira kwake koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20. Uku ndikutulutsa kosindikizira matabwa, komwe kumakhala mtundu wa penti, koma kusiyana kokhako ndikuti sikutsatira ndendende ndipo kumangosindikizidwa mu zakuda ndi zoyera, kutsatana ndi zolembedwa ku Nôm (Zithunzi), Chinese ndi French. Kudzera pamakina otchingira mitengo, wopenyerera amatha kudziwa zonse zomwe anthu okhala Hanoi, kuchokera kwa ogulitsa, amalonda, amisiri amisiri, alimi, ndi kukhazikitsa makampani ogulitsa, mashopu, misika, misewu, mayendedwe, nyumba, njira zovalira ndi kudya zamagulu onse azikhalidwe, zikhalidwe zamakhalidwe, moyo wa uzimu, zipembedzo etc.… Zonse zotere Zida zimawoneka mokongola kudzera munsanja zolemera, zosiyanasiyana, zowoneka bwino, zophatikizidwa ndi ndemanga zazifupi komanso zaukhondo. Titha kuganiziranso za chopezeka chosindikizidwa ngati buku lakale pazithunzi posimba za chikhalidwe cha anthu okhala Hanoi ndi kufalikira kwake koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20. Ponena za Nôm (Zithunzi) makamaka, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana, munthu akhoza kupeza mu ntchitoyi anthu ambiri a Nôm omwe adalembedwera momwe amalemba Chinese.

Kunali kokha mpaka mu 1970, kuti phindu lenileni la ntchito zosunga mitengo ya H. OGER lidazindikiridwa ndikuwunikanso, ndi cholembedwa kuti The apainiya waukadaulo waku Vietnamese: HENRI OGER (1885-1936?- - (Le pionnier de la technologie vietnamienne: HENRI OGER (1885-1936?) wa French Orientalist PIERRE HUARD, lofalitsidwa pa Bulletin yaku French School ya Extrême-Orient, 1970 (Bulletin de l'Ecole française d 'Extrême-Orient, 1970).

In Vietnam, Kutolere mitengo yosunga mitengo Library ya Hanoi National sikumakwaniritsidwa, ndipo kuyambira zaka 60, zakhala, kwa nthawi yoyamba, yoyambitsidwa ndi wojambula wowjambula NGUYEN DO CUNG m'magawo angapo ojambula pa Art. Kutsatira izi, mabungwe ndi asayansi ena angapo adayamba kuzifika ndikuziwonetsa pamagazini angapo komanso pamisonkhano. Wosungidwa Saigon isanafike 1975, idayambitsidwa ndi akatswiri ena kuyambira mu 1970. Pambuyo pa 1975, izi ndizosungidwa zosungidwa pamatabwa zakhala zikusungidwa Library ya General Science mu mzinda wa HochiMinh, ndipo yakhala ikopa chidwi chochulukirapo kuzungulira kwa ofufuza ozungulira ndi ofufuza omwe amayambitsa izi m'magazini zasayansi.

M'masiku apitawa, zinali zovuta kuti akatswiri akhale ndi mwayi wolumikizana ndi gulu lonse la matabwa osungidwa Hanoi ndi Mzinda wa HochiMinh, kotero adayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma microfilms or maikolofoni zoperekedwa ndi mabungwe awiriwa. Mtengo waukulu kwambiri wamabukhu awa, omwe angatengedwe ngati chosindikizidwa ndi mawu oyambilira, kulemba kwa phonetic, matanthauzidwe ndi matchulidwe, zimapezeka chifukwa zimapatsa ophunzira mkati ndi kunja. komanso anthu ena onse, omwe ali ndi ntchito yonse ya H. OGER, potero amawathandiza kuti athe kulumikizana nawo, kuliphunzira, ndikuwonetsetsa.

… Pitilizani mu gawo 2…

BAN TU THU
06 / 2020

ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊ MAU OYAMBA Wolemba Pulofesa Wakale PHAN HUY LE - Purezidenti wa Mbiri yakale Association of Vietnam - Gawo 2.

zolemba:
¹ PHAN HUY LÊ (Thach Chau, chigawo cha Loc Ha, m'chigawo cha Ha Tinh, 23 February 1934 - 23 Juni 2018) anali waku Vietnamese wolemba mbiri komanso pulofesa wa mbiri yakale ku Yunivesite ya Hanoi. Adalemba kafukufuku wambiri pamidzi, njira zosungira malo komanso kusintha kwa anthu wamba makamaka, komanso m'mbiri yonse ya Vietnamese. Phan anali director of Center for Vietnamese and Intercultural Study at Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Phan anali m'sukulu ya olemba mbiri, kuphatikiza TRAN QUOC VUONG kusiyanitsa 'Chi Vietnamese-ness'popanda ubale ndi zikopa zaku China. (Source: Wikipedia Encyclopedia)
² : Phatikizani Pulofesa, Dokotala wa Phylosophie mu Mbiri HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Rector wakale wa Hong Bang Yunivesite Yapadziko Lonse, ndiye woyambitsa masamba awa: "Thanh dia Viet Nam Study" - adhanso.biz, "Maphunziro a Holyland Vietnam" - kumamakotwo. com m'zinenero 104, "Việt Nam Học" - vietnamhoc.net, ndi zina ...
◊ Anamasuliridwa ndi Asso. Pulofesa Hung, Nguyen Manh, PhD.
Title Mutu wamutu ndi chithunzi cha sepia chodziwika chakhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz