Mbiri ya Demokalase ya NÔM
Kumenya: 718
"Chữ Nôm, ndi wakale mbiri yakumodzi cha chilankhulo cha Vietnamese. Atachoka ku Vietnamese kuchokera ku China mu 939 CE, chữ Nôm, script yomwe imayimira kuyankhula ku Vietnamese, idakhala mtundu wa dziko. Kwa zaka 1000 zotsatira - kuyambira zaka za zana la 10 mpaka 20, zambiri za mabuku a Vietnamese, nzeru, mbiri, malamulo, zamankhwala, chipembedzo, komanso mfundo za boma zidalembedwa Mbiri ya Nôm. M'zaka 24 za Mafumu a Tây-Sơn (1788-1802), zolemba zonse zoyang'anira zidalembedwa Chữ Nôm. Mwanjira ina, zaka ngati chikwi za mbiri yakale ya Vietnamese zalembedwa mwadongosolo lapaderali.
Cholowa ichi tsopano chatsala pang'ono kutayika. Ndi kubwera kwazaka za zana la 17 la quốc ngữ - zilembo zamakono zaku Roma -Kuphunzira kulemba ndi kuwerenga pang'onopang'ono anamwalira. Boma la atsamunda ku France lidalamula kuti lisamagwiritse ntchito. Masiku ano, ophunzira osakwana 100 padziko lonse lapansi amatha kuwerenga Nom. Nkhani zambiri zolembedwa ku Việt Nam, kwenikweni, ndi anthu 80 miliyoni olankhula chinenerochi. ”1
"Chữ Nôm (𡨸 喃, IPA: [cɨ̌ˀ nom], kwenikweni "zilembo zakumwera"),2 m'mbuyomu ankayitananso Chữ Nam (𡨸 南) kapena Quốc Âm (","Phokoso la dziko"), Ndi njira zolembera kale zomwe zidalembedwa kale Chiyankhulochi. Zinagwiritsa ntchito muyeso wapamwamba kwambiri Zilembo zaku China kuyimira Sino-Vietnamese mawu ndi mawu ena achi Vietnamese, pomwe zilembo zatsopano zidapangidwa pamtundu waku China kuyimira mawu ena.3
Ngakhale zolemba zodziwika bwino ku Vietnam zidachitidwa ku China.4 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20 (kupatula kuphatikiza kwapawiri), chữ Nôm idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pa zaka za zana la 15 ndi 19 ndi akatswiri apamwamba aku Vietnam, kuphatikiza azimayi, pantchito zodziwika bwino, ambiri m'mavesi. Chimodzi mwa zidutswa zodziwika bwino zaku Vietnamese, Tale ya Kiều, lidapangidwa mkati chữ Nôm.
Mu 1920s, zilembo za ku Vietnamese zochokera ku Latin America zomwe amishonale achiJesuit adachoka nazo chữ Nôm monga njira yomwe angafune kujambula Vietnamese. Pomwe Makhalidwe a Han amagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati zokongoletsera, zodziwika bwino komanso zamwambo ndipo monga zizindikiritso za mwayi, Zilembo za Nôm sagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu china chilichonse ku Vietnam amakono mokomera zilembo. Ntchito yosunga ndi kuphunzira zolemba za Vietnamese zolembedwa Nom (komanso zolemba zakale zaku China zaku Vietnam) imayendetsedwa ndi Institute of DRMn-Nôm ku Hanoi. ”5
… Ikusintha…
ZINDIKIRANI:
1 Gwero: Vietnamese Nom Preservation Foundation.
2 Nguyễn, Khuê (2009). Chữ Nôm: cơ sở và nang cao. Ho Chi Minh City National University Publishing House. tsa. 5.
3 "Chữ-nôm script". Omniglot.
4 Nguyễn, Tri Tài (2002). Giáo trình tiếng Hán. Tập I: Cơ sở. Ho Chi Minh City National University Publishing House. tsa. 5.
5 Source: Buku la Wikipedia.
BAN Lachiwiri THƯ
02 / 2020