Mau oyamba Nr. 1: VIETNAM M'nthawi Yakale - MAU OYAMBA

Kumenya: 457

HUNG NGUYEN MANH¹
Dokotala wa Phylosophie mu Mbiri

   Tkuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX, sayansi yamakampani ndi ukadaulo yayamba kukula - makamaka kufalikira kwa zikhalidwe ndi zokopa alendo kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kosinthana kwachikhalidwe pakati pa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kudzera m'mapositi.

   In 1882, munthu adapanga kujambula, ndipo mu 1886 zomwe zidasindikizidwa zidasindikizidwa mwachindunji papepala pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zosindikizira. Ma postcards omwe adakhala amoyo panthawiyo anali atagonjetsa madera onse ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pagulu komanso padziko lapansi. Zikuwoneka ngati maulendo onsewa achepetsedwa chifukwa cha zithunzi zosindikizidwa pa postcards.

   OSanganene kuti - koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma XX, ma postcards adakhala ngati malungo, ambiri Chi-Indochinese mayiko wamba, ndi Vietnam makamaka.

   Tadadzuka mmanja mwa DE THAM² itha kukhala imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zoyesedwa koyambirira Vietnam. Tsopano tili ndi makhadi otumizira posungira athu. Zipilala zomangidwa ndi achi French monga: Kugwiritsa ntchito malasha ku Hong Gai³, fakitale simenti mu Hai Phong⁴, chitsulo milatho Doumer⁵ (Kutalika) ndi Trang Tien (ku Hue)⁶, ndi Hai Phong ndi Saigon ma wharves, minda mu Mapiri Akumadzulo⁷, komanso zipilala zina zambiri mu Annam⁸ ndi Cochinchina⁹ (Central ndi South Vietnam), ndi Madera XNUMX¹⁰ in Cochinchina, ndi zina ... Makamaka zithunzi zomwe zimalemba ndikuwonetsa Msewu wa Mandarin¹¹ (la njira mandarine) nthawi zonse amapanga phunziro lapadera lomwe limakopa ojambula.

   Tma postcards asiya miyambo yosiyanasiyana monga: misewu, madera akumidzi ndi midzi ku North, ndi Center ndi South (Tonkin, Annam ndi Cochinchina), zikondwerero, malo ogulitsira msika ndi zojambulazo m'mizinda yayikulu monga Hanoi, Haiphong, Hue, Danang, Saigon… Komanso zithunzi za mafumu a Mwana wobadwira wa Nguyen¹² monga: DUY TAN¹³, THANH THAI¹⁴, HAM NGHI¹⁵ zomwe zimalimbikitsanso ojambula omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu ngati izi kupanga ma postcards omwe adatumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Ponena za izi, ofufuza athu okonda zachinyengo awona kuti zithunzizi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito potengera kukoma kwachilendo, pofotokoza za gawo lazolemba zaku France mu Vietnam.

   Tmbiri ya mapositi amanenanso kuti zinali mpaka zaka zoyambirira za m'ma XX pomwe ma postcards oyamba, okhala ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi kusindikizidwa ndi Vietnamese, adawonekera koyamba mu Vietnam, ndipo zofananira ndi seti ya makadi 20 omwe akuwonetsa maliro a PHAN CHAU TRINH¹⁶ in Saigon. Masiku ano makadi achikale amatithandizira kumvetsetsa ndikulingalira mbiri yathu moyenera, makamaka mbiri yakale.

  Amolingana ndi Xua & Ayi magazini wa Association of Olemba Mbiri aku Vietnamese¹⁷, chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kusungidwa monga zolembedwa zamtundu wamakalata zotere mwina sikungakhale kothandiza komanso kambiri monga France - koma, amatha kupezeka pagulu la Sukulu Yaku France Yakum'mawa¹⁸ (Laibulale ya Vietnam Social Sciences ndi Information Institute), ndi Bungwe la Central Archives¹⁹, monga momwe angapezekere m'magulu osonkhanitsa achinsinsi.

  Cpankhani yanga yanga - ya wamsonkho wachinsinsi - dzina langa latchulidwa ndi a Magazini ya Xua & Nay chifukwa chothandizira pano ndi apo kuwonekera kambiri kwa mapositi kadi kuchokera Hanoi, Hue, Saigon ku Madera akumwera monga Ben Tre²⁰, Kien Giang²¹...

  The Xua & Ayi magazini anatchulanso kuti zikwizikwi za maposikhadi omwe ndapeza amatenga "sitampu yakufa”Ndi mizere ya ziganizo zolembedwa ndi omwe akutumiza - pomwe adayamba kulowa Indochina kapena anali nawo ndipo akukhalabe mpaka pano Vietnam, Laos ndi Cambodia ndipo adatumiza makadi oterowo kwa abale awo ku France, kapena kwinakwake m'maiko ena achi French.

   T"sitampu yakufa”Ndipo ziganizo zolembedwazo zawonjezera phindu la maposikhadi kangapo - moyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri osonkhanitsa.

  Aza ine, wokhometsa mwayi - yemwe amatha kusonkhanitsa kulikonse kapena kulikonse komwe angapeze. Ndakhala, nthawi yayitali ndikukhalamo Saigon. Ndimasirira ndekha chithunzi cha dziko lokongola. Koma, pakadali pano, ndikulakalaka kuti Xua & Ayi magazini zipitilizabe kundithandiza kuti ndizidziwitse anthu onse Zojambula zaku Vietnamese.

  Tkuzungulira Millenium wa Thang Long²², gwero la zolemba zakale, zolembedwa ndikusiya pamapepala zonse zidalipo Chinese ndi nom (Zithunzi) ndipo imapezekabe m'malaibulale ambiri amisonkho. Pakadali pano, ma postcards omwe adasindikizidwa pamapepala olimba potenga zithunzi, ndi mawu, ziganizo ndi chidziwitso kumbuyo kwawo, amapanganso gwero lazinthu zakale - ngakhale zidakali zaposachedwa kwambiri komanso zatsopano - pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi - komanso athandizira ku maphunziro azaka zaku Vietnam gawo la mbiriyakale kudzera pazithunzi.

   Tamajambula - momwe ziliri - ali ndi mbiri yakale, osakanda ndikuwongolera, osakopera, osalumikiza kapena kulumikiza… Monga Ojambula akumadzulo pozindikira ndikujambula zithunzi za zigawo za Latini Amerika m'masiku oyamba pomwe mafuko ochepa anali kukhalabe komweko - Apa, zithunzi zomwe zatengedwa zikuwonetsanso moyo wamitundu yambiri yomwe ikugawana moyo wawo ndi anthu akumatawuni Nkhalango za Indochinese ku Mizinda ya Vietnam monga Hanoi, Saigon… mizinda yomwe kale inkatchedwa Ngale ya Kum'mawa²³ - mayina omwe anali olemekezeka kwambiri omwe amawonetsa kusintha kwamphamvu kooneka ngati kuthawa Zaka Zapakati kuti alowe munthawi yamasiku ano.

ONANI ZINA:
◊  Mau oyamba Nr. 2: KUDZIWITSITSA KWA KUSONKHANITSA MAPOSEKEDWE A INDOCHINESE.

zolemba:
¹: Asso. Pulofesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Purezidenti wakale wa Hong Bang University International, ndi mlembi wa Vietnam, Hanoi, Saigon… Postcards, yemwe anayambitsa masamba - adhanso.biz, vietnamhoc.net, chiyero.com, yoyikayama.com, Ndi zina zotero.
²:… Ikusintha…

zolemba:
Chitsime: Vietnam M'nthawi Yakale, NGUYEN MANH HUNG Doctor mu Mbiri, Magazini ya Xua & Nay, Ofalitsa a Thoi Dai, Hanoi, 2010.
◊  Zolemba zonse, zazing'ono, zolimba, zolemba zamitundu ndi zithunzi zosungidwa ndi zithunzi zakhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz.

BAN TU THU
09 / 2020