ZOCHITITSA ZA ANTHU A ANNAMESE - Gawo 4: Kulephera kulemekeza zolemba zoyambirira

Kumenya: 517

Phatikizani Pulofesa, Dokotala wa Mbiri NGUYEN MANH HUNG
Dzina la Nick: kavalo wonyamula katundu m'mudzi wakuyuni
Cholembera: Chikumbu

4.1 Zoyambitsa zam'mbuyomu

4.1.1 FKulemekeza kulemekeza zolemba zoyambirira

     a. Pamasamba oyamba okhudzana ndi chiyambi cha ntchitoyi, takambirana za malo osiyanasiyana ndi anthu omwe adalumikizana ndikuwonetsa zikalata zomwe zatchulidwazi pamitundu yambiri. Tonse, titha kufotokozera mwachidule motere:

     Mwina a Pierre Huard anali munthu woyamba komanso woyamba kudziwa amene adalemba zonse zokhudza moyo ndi ntchito ya wolemba pa Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient (Bulletin yaku Far-Eastern French School) monga tidziwa (1). Pambuyo pake, atagwirizana ndi a Maurice Durand kuti alembe buku lotchedwa “Kudziwa Vietnam” (2) A Pierre Huard adatchulapo gawo lomwe limapezeka m'malo a zolembedwa za Henri Oger lotchedwa: "Mawu Oyambirira Phunziro la Njira Za Anthu Annamese" (3).

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(1) Pierre Huard - Woyambitsa ukadaulo waku Vietnam. T.LWII BEFEO 1970, masamba 215-217.

(2) Pierre Huard ndi Maurice Durand - Kudziwa Vietnam - École Française d'Extrême-Orient, Hanoi, 1954.

 (3) Henri Oger - Kuyamba Kwathunthu Phunziro la Njira ya anthu a ku Annamese; nkhani yokhudza zinthu zakuthupi, zaluso ndi mafakitale a anthu aku Annam, Paris, Geuthner, 1908

     Komabe, a P.Huard anali asanagwiritse ntchito zojambula za H. Oger kuti afotokozere zake ntchito (tanena nkhaniyi momveka bwino m'mutu wathu wapitawu).

     b. Poyerekeza matepi omwe adalembedwa ndi omwe adalembedwa koyambirira, titha kuwona kuti oyambitsa oyambirira adabisala gawo lazilankhulo, zomwe akatswiri ambiri amafufuza kuti ndi zenizeni “Masanjidwe achiwiri” zojambula zonse. Musanafufuze za izi "Yachiwiri" tiyeni tiwone momwe ntchitoyi idayambidwira masiku apitawa.

     1. Pali zojambula pomwe, gawo limodzi lajambulalo silinasiyidwe, monga nkhani ya chikopa chotchedwa "Wogulitsa ng'ombe" (mkuyu 95) yowululidwa ku Cultural House ku Bourges (Paris) kuyambira pa Juni 10, 78 mpaka Julayi 5, 1978, tiwona kuti woyambayo ali ndi mthunzi wa njati (onani chithunzi 132), ziyenera kutchulidwa.

Firiji.95: CATTLE DEALERS (pambuyo pa Phạm Ngọc Tuấn, chiwonetsero ku Paris, 1978)

     Buku la Encyclopedic Knowledge lomwe lili ku Institute for the Compilation of the Encyclopedic Dictionary, poyambitsa "kavalidwe kabwino ” wadula kavalo wamatabwa (mkuyu 96). Ngakhale chojambula choyambirira sichinenena chilichonse m'Chitchaina ndi Chitchaina cholembedwa Vietnamese, H.Oger adatulutsa French: "Chifaniziro cha kavalo wamatabwa chimakokedwa m'gulu la oongolera" (chith. 97).

Mkuyu.96: MALO OGWIRITSA NTCHITO (kavalo wamatabwa sanasiyidwe)

Firiji.97: KUSONYEZA HORSE WABWINO KWAMBIRI POPANDA CHIPEMBEDZO

     2. Palinso zojambula pomwe zojambulazo, m'malo modula, adazijambulazo ndi chojambula china chofanana ndi chomwe chikupanga "Asitikali ankhondo"(mkuyu 98) ndi Nguyễn Thụ kuti afotokozere za mutu wankhani Wolemba ndakatulo ndi Nyimbo zaku Vietnamese - nyumba yachifumu yadziko lonse (buku 4, pakati pamasamba 346 ndi 347).

Firiji.98: Wogulitsa YERE (wolemba Nguyễn Thụ)

     Zojambula zoyambirira ndizomwe zimawonetsa "chizimbar ”(chith. 99) komanso “msilikari"(mkuyu 100).

Firiji.99: WOSANGALALA(kujambula ndi mmisiri)

Firiji.100: ASILIKALI(kujambula ndi mmisiri)

     Malinga ndi malamulo ankhondo pansi pa mzera wa banja la Nguyen, asitikali adagawika m'magulu awiri: "lndi cơ"(alonda a mandarinal) komanso “lính vệ"(mlonda). Oyang'anira alondawo adasankhidwa kuchokera ku Nghệ An kupita ku Bình Thuận ndipo amakhala ku Huế. Pakati paudani pakati pa a French ndi ife, khothi la Huế lidatumiza kwa olonda aku North 8000, oyang'aniridwa ndi Kinh Lược (mkulu woyang'anira pacurity).

     Ponena za alonda amandar, adawalemba kumpoto ndipo amayang'anira ntchito yolondera zigawo kumpoto. Mothandizidwa ndi French, alonda a mandarinal adalowedwa m'malo ndi "khan xanh"(Asitikali achitetezo aku France atavala buluu chamtambo,, ndipo ochepa kwambiri otsalawo adayikidwa motsogozedwa ndi abwanamkubwa wa zigawo.

     3. Ena mwa iwo sanadulidwe kapena kudulidwa, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe omwe adasinthidwa. Pamonochord ”(pakati pa masamba 128 ndi 129), zomwe zikuwonetsedwa patsamba lalikulu "Konsati" (chith. 101) ndi Nguyễn Thụ, chingwecho chatsitsidwa pomwe panali zojambula zoyambirira, wojambulayo adazijambula payokha (onani mkuyu. 156).

Mkuyu.101: CHITSANZO (orchestra yachikhalidwe, yolemba Nguyễn Thụ)

     Ogwira ntchito akhungu m'misika amagwiritsa ntchito kusewera monochord kuti apeze zofunika pamoyo. Awa ndi mtundu wa nyimbo wachi Vietnamese womwe uli ndi chingwe chimodzi, ndichifukwa chake umatchedwa monochord. Nthawi zambiri nyimbo za monochord zimaseweredwa zokhazokha, chifukwa ndizovuta kuzigwirizanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya nyimbo monga "Đàn cò" (zingwe ziwiri zoyimbira ndi bokosi lamphamvu ngati chomangira chitoliro), kapena "Đàn kìm" (gitala wamanja wazitali ndi zingwe zinayi kapena zisanu). Pajambulira, nthawi yomweyo timayang'ana chingwe, chomangidwa kumapeto kwa wopondera, chomwe chili chosiyana ndi monochord yomwe tikuwona lero. Pali sentensi yochokera munyimbo ya anthu yomwe imati: (Pokhala mtsikana, wina sayenera kumamvetsera kwa monochord ) monga monochord amawonedwa ngati chida choyimbira, makamaka akamasewera usiku wodekha.

     Tiyeni tiwone choyambirira chomwe chili ndi kufotokozera kwa H.Oger: "Gulu la akhungu akusewera nyimbo" (mkuyu 102). Zambiri za Encyclopedic zimati: "Konsati".

Mkuyu.102: GULO LA OYimba Nyimbo A BLIND (kope loyamba)

     4. Palinso zojambula zina pomwe wojambula Nguyễn Thụ samangopanga zojambula zowonjezera komanso kujambulanso ziwerengero monga zomwe zidatchulidwa:

 “Kuthamangitsa kepepala” ndi amene adafukiza "Kusewera ndi thukuta la agalu" (chith. 103).

Firiji.103: KUTENGA KAPEREKEDWE KABWINO NDI KUSINTHA KWA DUKE (ndi Nguyễn Thụ)

     Tikayerekeza ndi chojambula choyambirira, tiona kuti chithunzi cha galu chakokedwa chowonjezeranso pazithunzi za Nguyễn Thụ. Woyambayo ali ndi zilembo zinayi zaku China zomwe zidalembedwa zaku Vietnam: "Đánh cờ chân chó" (Akusewera galu-paw chess) (mkuyu 104).

Firiji.104: KUSINTHA KWA DOG-PAW CHISERO

     Chojambula china choyambirira chimakhala ndi mutuwu: "Chovala makatani"(mkuyu 105) ndi malongosoledwe otsatirawa mu Chitchaina:

"Mphepo yam'mwera yatsopano ikawomba masiku otentha, ana amapanga chidole ichi, chotchedwa toad-kite ndikudikirira kuti mphepo iwulukire".

Fanizo la 105: TOAD-KITE (yokhala ndi cholembedwa m'Chitchaina: Mphepo yam'mwera yatsopano ikawomba masiku otentha, ana amapanga chidole ichi, chotchedwa toad-kite, ndikudikirira kuti mphepo iwulukire)

4.1.2 Ezolakwika zosokoneza tanthauzo

Njira yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa idayambitsa zolakwika zomwe zimapangitsa tanthauzo lenileni ngati ili:

     a. Chofunika kwambiri kuyang'ana ndi kachigawo komwe wojambula Nguyễn Thụ adadula zina zambiri ndikusinthanso malinga ndi malingaliro ake. Adatcha dzina “Ogulitsa nkhumba” , ndikuwonetsedwa apa (pakati pamasamba 80 ndi 81), zimatipatsa lingaliro la chochitika cha “Msika potseka” opsinjidwa ndi amalonda nthawi imeneyo (?) (?)mkuyu 106).  Koma, kwenikweni zolembedwa zoyambirira za "Masewera ofuna ntchito" (mkuyu 107). Mwina cholakwachi chachitika chifukwa nyali za anthu awa zikuwoneka ngati “nkhumba yosagwira” tawonamo mkuyu.41.

Mkuyu.106: MALANGIZO A PIGS (wolemba Nguyễn Thụ)

Firiji.107: COOLies POPANDA NTCHITO YOMWEYO JOB (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi mmisiri)

     b. Chimodzimodzinso, buku la Encyclopedic Knowledge lotchedwa sketch: "Makina osunthira" (mkuyu 120), pomwe chojambula choyambirira chidafotokozedwapo:

     "Kukongoletsa parasol". Chojambula china chimatchedwa Revedic Knowledge ngati “Chovala cha Rickshawman”, pomwe chojambula choyambirira chidafotokozedwa ndi zilembo 5 zaku China zomwe zidalemba "Rickshawman akusintha mathalauza ake" (mkuyu 177). Palinso zojambula zina zomwe zingagwirizane nthawi yomweyo ndi wopereka maudindo yemwe adazitcha kuti: "Mphamvu zaunyamata" (mkuyu 128). Koma, wojambulayo sankaganiza choncho ndipo pachithunzithunzi choyambirira adalemba zilembo zitatu zaku China zomwe zidalembedwa zaku Vietnam: "Munthu akusuntha chofunda chake", pomwe Oger adatanthauzira mu French: "Kavalidwe ka ogwira ntchito".  Titha kutchulanso nambala ina kapena milandu yofananira…