KULIMA KWA CONFUCIANISM m'zaka za zana la 15
Kumenya: 522
Prof TAN, HA VAN
Mu Tran1, makamaka m'zaka za zana la 14, Confucianist anaukira Chibuddha osasunthika. Kubwera kwa Le2, Confucianism idadzuka kukhala yotchuka kukhala malingaliro ovomerezeka a olamulira. Unali mwala wapangodya pamabungwe onse andale komanso mabungwe azikhalidwe.
Mtundu wa Confucianism zomwe zidakopa a Bwalo la Le ndipo njonda yayikulu inali Nyimbo osiyanasiyana odziwika monga Neo-Confucianism. Zimadziwika ndi malingaliro omwe amalimbikitsa ndi Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi ndi Zhu Xi. Okhazikika anali ndi chidwi ndi magulu a ontological monga li (mzimu kapena lamulo) ndi qi (zakuthupi), omwe adasinthiratu pomwe amafotokoza za ubale ndi chikhalidwe. Adapempha li, kapena “mphamvu zakumwamba”Kuteteza chikhalidwe chomwe chilipo
dongosolo.
Chi Confucianists cha Vietnamese, mwa iwo Ndi Si Lien3, Mlembi wa Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu or Mbiri Yonse ya Great Viet, adalimbikitsidwa ndi Neo-Confucianist chiphunzitso. Mfumu Le Thanh Tong2, m'mawu a Confucianist wina, Chitani Nhuan4, anali wodziwa bwino ziphunzitso za Li. Zopereka zoyenderaVu zinkapangidwa kawiri pachaka, kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, kuti Confucius5 ndi ophunzira ake khumi6. Kupereka kunachitika Van Mieu7 - pa Kachisi wa Mabuku - likulu ladziko la Kutalika Kwambiri8. Kuyambira 1465 kumka mtsogolo, mchitidwewu udakhazikitsidwa m'malo ena.
Mphamvu ya Confucianism ankamverera mwamphamvu mu maphunziro. Mu 1426, pamene gulu lake lankhondo linali kuyandikira gulu lankhondo lakuukira la ming, Le Lai9 adakonza mayeso a mandarin pomwe adamulamula kuti Bo De m'boma lamakono la Gia Lam, Ayi No. Ofunsidwa adapemphedwa kuti alembe "Letter Kuyitanira Ming ku Dong Quan kuti adzipereke“. Makumi atatu a iwo adadutsa.
Mu 1428, atangoikidwa pampando, King Lamulo2 adalamula kukhazikitsidwa kwa sukulu m'madera onse mdziko muno. Quoc Tu Giam7 (National College) likulu ladziko linali sukulu yophunzitsa yapamwamba kwambiri. Kufufuzanso kwina kunachitika chaka chotsatira, koma malamulo sanakhazikikebe mpaka Mfumu Chilankhulo cha Thai2. Kuyambira pamenepo, mayeso amachitika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zilizonse, kuzungulira katatu. Yoyamba imachitika m'maboma kuti isankhe Zabwino (mabakiteriya). Mayeso achiwiri adatsatila chaka chotsatira chotchedwa Hoi kuyesa, kudzera Tien si (madokotala) akanasankhidwa. Pomaliza, Dinh kuyesedwa, Mfumuyo idzasankha madotolo atatu apamwamba, Trang nguyen, Bang nhan ndi Tham ho.
M'malo mwake, King Le Thanh Tong2 kuperekera mayeso a patatu. Anakhazikitsanso malamulo ena okhwima.
Kutenga mbali ya Confucianist, Le adayambitsa miyambo ya dzu danh (kulengeza pamndandanda wamtengo wapatali) ndi vinh ayi (zopambana zobwererera zamalonda kumidzi yakwawo). Mayina a madokotala sangakhale opanda chiyembekezo pathanthwe Van Mieu7.
Nthawi zambiri, maphunziro sanali okhudzidwa pansi pa Le2, ndipo mwayi unkaperekedwa ngakhale kwa wamba. Komabe, mudzi uliwonse unkayenera kuyankha chifukwa cha zabwino za ofuna kubwezera (Mo Mo huong thi) ndipo ochita kusankhidwa amafunika kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za mbiri yawo m'mibadwo itatu (Kung khai tam dai). Anthu okhudzana ndi zigawenga kapena zisangalalo adaletsedwa mayeso onse.
Ophunzira anaphunzitsidwa Mabuku anayi5 ndi Makalasi Asanu5 komanso Zhu XiMabuku onena zafilosofi komanso mbiri. Awa anali mabuku omwe mitu yawo idatengera mayeso. Mwanjira imeneyi panalibe mpata wochita zofuna zawo ndipo ophunzira omwe amangofuna maphunziro apamwamba amayenera kutsata atsogoleri achi Confucian.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa kukonda dziko lako komwe kunatsata kupambana kwa ming Zowukira, ma Confucianisti adawona kufunika kosintha malingaliro achi Confucius kuti athandize bwino pazikhalidwe zachikhalidwe. Izi zikuwonekera bwino kuchokera ku malingaliro a Nhan (umunthu) ndi Tanthauzo (kukhulupirika) zopitilira Nguyen Trai. Chibuddha ndi Taoism, ngakhale anali atasiya kukwera, anali atatalikiratu. Kupezeka kwawo kunasungidwa kumidzi. Ngakhale ku khothi panali anthu angapo odzipereka a Buddha. Nayo, Confucianism sanayesere mwamphamvu kuchotsa zikhulupiriro zina. Mfumu Le Thanh Tong2, wolimba wachi Confucius, ngakhale mpaka pa Phap Van Mulungu10 at Dau Kachisi11 ndi cholinga chobweretsa mvula.
zolemba:
1 Tran Mzera1225-1400: Zaka 175).
2 Le Mzera1428-1527: Zaka 100): Mafumu a Hau Le: Le So, Le Trung Hung - dzina ladziko: Dai Viet - likulu: Dong Kinh (dzina lakale: Thang Long), kuphatikiza mafumu 14: Le Thai To (Le Loi - zaka 1429–1433: 4), Chi Thai1433–1442: Zaka 9), Le Nhan Chong (1442–1459: Zaka 17), Le Thien Hung (1459-1460: chaka chimodzi), Le Chan Tong (1460–1497: Zaka 37), Le Hien Chi (1497–1504: Zaka 7), Le Tuc Chi (1504-1505: miyezi 6), Le Uy Muc (1504–1509: Zaka 5), Le Tuong Duc (1509–1516: Zaka 7Le Quang Tri (1516: miyezi 3), Le Chieu Tong (1517–1522: Zaka 5), Le Bang (1518-1519: Zaka 2), Le Do (1519: miyezi 2Le Xuan (1522–1527: Zaka 7). Iyi inali nthawi yayikulu komanso yopambana ya Vietnamese feudalism; Dai Viet adakula bwino m'mbali zonse (zachuma, chikhalidwe, zaluso, zachikhalidwe, zamaphunziro, zankhondo,…); gawo lidakulitsidwa (wophatikizidwa ndi dziko la Bon Man (Muang Phuan), Chiem Thanh).
3 Ndi Si Lien (吳士 連 - 1400-1499) adabadwa mu Ĩan Sĩ mudzi, Ha Đông, Hanoi, anali wolemba mbiri waku Vietnamese wa Mzera wa Lê2 - adachita nawo Lam Sơn kuwukira kwa Le Loi, adatenga udindo wawo Doctorate (Tiĩn sĩ) ndipo motero adakhala wolamulira m'bwalo lachifumu la mafumu atatu otsatizana Le Thai Tong (1434-1442), Le Nhan Tong (1442-1459) ndi Le Thanh Tong (1460-1497), adasankhidwa Wowongolera National Bureau for Historical Record (Viện Quốc sử) mu 1473. Amadziwika kwambiri kuti ndiye wopanga wamkulu wa Ệi Việt sử ký toàn thư - voliyumu 15 (quyển) buku - kugawa kwake mbiri yaku Vietnam kukhala magawo awiri akulu, adaika zonse zomwe zidachitika kukhazikitsidwa kwa Mzera wa Đinh in Zojambula Pangozi (Ndi kỷ) pomwe nthawi yodziyimira payokha kuchokera ku Mzera wa Đinh (10th m'zaka) polenga Lyn Mzera mu 1482 adalembedwa Nyimbo Zoyambira (Bản kỷ) - mbiri yakale ya mbiri ya Vietnam komanso mbiri yakale kwambiri yokhudza mzera wachifumu waku Vietnam womwe udakalipo masiku ano. Mpaka pano, Ndi Si Lien imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pa mbiri yakale yaku Vietnam.
… Zikusintha…
BAN TU THU
5. 2020
ZINDIKIRANI:
Chitsime: Kupanga kwa Vietnam. Ha Van Tan. thegioipubumenes.vn, 2018. Chithunzi; wikimapia.org.
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