Kuyesa kuphunzira CHITSANZO CHA Mbiri Yakale YA ZINSINSI ZOTHA KWAULERE - Gawo 2

Kumenya: 800

… Zipitilira…

HUNG NGUYEN MANH

       Ndi inu, monga tafotokozera, ndi buku la njira za ankhondo, njira za nkhondo, zakuthambo, chidziwitso cha malo, kuwerengera.

       Kwakukulu, kuti akhale mtsogoleri wankhondo, yemwe samangokhala "Thap bat ban vo nghe" (Gawo khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za masewera andewu) komanso adaphunzira mabuku ena monga Binh thu Qu tran (Buku laukadaulo lazankhondo), Luc tam luoc (Ziphunzitso zisanu ndi imodzi zachinsinsi komanso njira zitatu), Binh phap Ton Tu (Njira zankhondo za Sun Tzu).

       Buku lamalangizo ankhondo ku Vietnam ndi Binh thu yeu luoc (Zolemba Pazinthu Zankhondo), yomwe inali ndi "Sumary of Strategist Strategists" wo Tran Hung Dao ndi mgwirizano wa Pezani Khe Hau ndi Buku la nkhondo la Đào Duy Từ la Dao Duy Tu.

       Amanenedwa kuti Binh Dinh, panali buku lotchedwa Tay Son binh phap (Tay Son zida zankhondo) koma yasowa.

       Ma buku ophunzitsira ndi kuphunzira masewera andewu ku Vietnam sikuti amangokhala mabuku a luso, machitachita, komanso za "kusankha masiku abwino, nthawi yabwino, kulingalira zakuthambo ndi kwina, ndi ena".

       Binh thu (Buku lankhondo) yatchulapo za zinthu zisanu zamaganizidwe, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndi njira zoyambira zankhondo, zomwe mtsogoleri wankhondo afunika kudziwa:
- Chinthu choyamba ndichogwirizana, chomwe chimawerengedwa kuti ndi mfundo yayikulu kwambiri pakuwongolera dziko komanso luso lankhondo.
- Chinthu chachiwiri ndi machenjerero. Ingolowa m'malo omenyera nkhondo akafuna kusankha zochita.
- Chinthu chachitatu ndikupita patsogolo kapena kubwerera kumbuyo. Kuzengereza sikuloledwa. Njakata ndi chinthu chovulaza kwambiri pankhondo.
- Chomwe chikutuluka ndi luso la nkhondo zopanda makoma, zipanda, kapena nkhondo.
- Chachisanu ndichakuti mtsogoleriyo amawona ankhondo ake ngati ziwalo zake pomwe ankhondo amaganiza kuti mtsogoleri wawo ndi ubongo wawo.

       Vo ta (Vietnamese masewera andewu) linali dzina lachifumu cha Vietnamese masewera andewu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Dang Trong (South Vietnam mu 17th-18 century).

       Amisiri ambiri a masewera andewu ku South Vietnam (Dang Trong) adaganiza kuti Vo ta linali dzina lovuta lachifumu cha Vietnamese zankhondo. Dzinali limachokera ku mzera wa fuko la Nguyen Lords ku Dang Trong. Panthawiyo, mandarins ankhondo amaphunzitsidwa kukhala okonzeka kumenya nkhondo Dang Ngoai (North Vietnam m'zaka za zana la 17-18).

       Komabe, lokongola ndi Quang Nam amamuwona Vo ta ngati gulu lankhondo, lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Bach Ho masewera andewu. Kuphatikiza apo, zovala zina zatsopano zamagetsi zinagwiritsanso ntchito dzinali monga Bac Vietnam, Tien yaitali Quyen dao (pamaso pa 1975).

       Asanafike 1975, ambuye ambiri a masewera andewu ankaganiza kuti Vo ta anali osamvetseka monga Binh Dinh masewera andewu. Mwina zinali chifukwa masewera a Binh Dinh ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi adakula ndipo adadziwika kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya masewera andewu. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yonse ya masewera a karati monga Ngoc tran ndiy dai (Moc thieu thao phap), Roi Ngu mon, Lao Mai quyen, Thao quyen adalembedwa pansi pa Binh Dinh masewera andewu.

       Panali nyimbo yotchedwa “Koma tsopano"(Malangizo a ndakatulo za Vietnamese masewera andewu) motere:

Zojambula zankhondo ndizachinsinsi;
Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani pomenya nkhondo.
Momwe mungakanthe ndi nkhonya zanu, komanso momwe mumayendera?
Kuukira ngati mkuntho.
Muyenera kudziwa zinthu zisanu.

Ndipo dziwani ndi chitsulo chamtima ndi moto.
Kumenya kwambiri, kumenya mpira mwamphamvu, kugunda - kusinthana mosinthana komanso mwadzidzidzi. ”
Kodi mwayeserera njira zisanu ndi ziwiri zakuwukira, njira zitatu zodzitetezera?
Masitepe ndizovuta.

Mahatchi okwera pamahatchi komanso kutsogolo kuyenera kukhala kolimba.
Yesezani kosalekeza kwa zaka zitatu.
Kenako zizolowezani mafomu mobwerezabwereza.
Osasokoneza mbali zinayi.
Muyenera kukumbukira mawu a Ngan dai ngoc tran.
Njira zowukira ngati mitambo zikuwuluka thambo.

Phazi likuthamangira kutsogolo ngati nyenyezi yowombera.
Sinthani machitidwe anu omenyera mdera lililonse: omangika kapena akulu - gwiritsani ntchito mwayi wanu.
Dziwa momwe munganyengere, dziwani momwe mungamenyere.
Khalani munthu woti azimenya nkhondo.
Khalani ngwazi yopambana.

Osakhala achinyengo.
Khalani odzicepetsa. Khalani aulemu. Yesetsani kupeza nzeru.
Khalani odekha mukakumana ndi otsutsa kwambiri.
Olimba mtima komanso masewera andewu abadwa timabadwa m'mutu mwathu.

Khalani ndi luso lankhondo mwamphamvu momwe mungathere.
Kudzitchinjiriza, kuteteza anthu anu, kuteteza mtendere - izi ndi ntchito zosatha.

******

       Maphunziro apamwamba ku Vietnam adayamba zaka masauzande zapitazo, omwe anali achuma kwambiri kumayiko ambiri ku East Asia monga Japan kapena kunja kwa Asia-Pacific ngati United States, ndi zina zambiri.

       Maziko a maphunziro apamwamba ku Vietnam ayenera kuti adadzozedwa ndi chuma chakum'mawa, komwe India ndi China ndi mayiko awiri omwe amapereka.

       Chifukwa chake, mapulogalamu ophunzitsira a gulu lotsogola panthawiyo onse anali ndi maphunziro amodzi, ziribe kanthu kuti adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndani? Maphunzirowa anali kuphatikiza pazikhalidwe zazikulu zitatu: Confucianism, Chibuddhandipo Chidaoism (Taoism). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse, malo aliwonse, ndi mafumu onse, m'makalasi aliwonse kumidzi (kwa anthu ambiri) kapena kukhothi lachifumu lachifumu (kwa abale a amfumu ndi maamarinsine). Zinthu zitatu zazikulu zachikhalidwezi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zimange maziko a malingaliro ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu potengera mawonekedwe a Confucian. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ma mandarin ndi ma mandarins ankhondo (Chithunzi…) ndi malingaliro achi Confucian.

       Anthu ena amakayikirabe zikhalidwe zachiwawa m'dziko lovuta ili. Komabe, masiku ano, aphunzitsi ambiri amaphatikiza maluso ofewa monga maluso amachitidwe, maluso oyankhulirana, utsogoleri, ndi ena, m'mapulogalamu ophunzitsira anthu amakono amakono. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti pulogalamu yophunzitsira m'magulu achikhulupiriro akale idalibe maluso awa. Maudiar wamba komanso asitikali amayendetsedwa ndi nzeru za moyo, maluso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana munthawi zosiyanasiyana - "Tien vi quan, thoi vi su"(Kukhala aphunzitsi atasiya kukhala mandarins) kapena “Kumeneko, dan van dai"(Kukhala mandarins ndizosakhalitsa pomwe kukhala otsogola kumakhala kwa nthawi yayitali). Kuchokera ku lingaliro ili, mandarins aku boma komanso maamurin ankhondo ayenera kukhala ndi maluso anayi ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ku maphunziro aku Middle East: Mphesa, Y, Ly, So (Confucianism, Mankhwala, Geomancy, Astrology).

       Mabuku achinsinsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko ophunzitsira maamarins wamba komanso ankhondo panthawiyo anali Thu thu, Ndi kin (Mabuku anayi ndi a Classics Asanu). Kupatula mabuku awa, ayenera kuphunziranso ena ambiri. Ngakhale ma mandarin omwe amagwira ntchito mokakamiza amafunika "trung kuposa bat tho nhi quan"(Omvera mokhulupirika samalambira mafumu awiri) adamanganso maziko awo a malingaliro andale zokhazikitsidwa ndi Confucianism, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muyeso woweruza zamakhalidwe pazaka zambiri zakale. Maganizo ofufuza anzeru monga Tam cuong, Ndi thuong (Malamulo atatu ofunikira ndi mphamvu zisanu zazikulu), Tamu tonga, Ndi duc (Kumvera atatu ndi mikhalidwe inayi), Achikonfyusi anaphunziranso Yi Ching kwa feng shui ndi mwayi chidziwitso kapena kufotokozera kukwera ndi kugwa kwa ma dynasties osiyanasiyana ndi miyoyo ya anthu. Izi zithandizanso othandizira asitikali a boma kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri mdera akadzabwerera m'miyoyo yawo! Panali azitsamba ngati Hai Thuong Lan Ong (dzina la kubadwa Le Huu Trac) ndi Nguyen Dinh Chieu. Panali aphunzitsi a geomancer ngati Ta Ao amene amasamalira manda, ndi nyumba. Panali mphunzitsi wa kupenda nyenyezi komanso kuwombeza ngati Nguyen Binh Khiem yemwe anali wotchuka monga Kameme fm ku France. Akatswiri azamakhalidwe pa masewera olimbitsa thupi pa nthawi yaukama sanali osiyana ndi akatswiri a zamabuku. Akatswiri azamalonda amafufuza Thu thu, Ndi kin (Mabuku anayi ndi Classics Asanu), kudziwitsa komanso kulemba zolembalemba, ndi zina zambiri, kubwalo lamilandu lachifumu. Akatswiri a zankhondo adagwiritsa ntchito luso lawo kunkhondo. Anayenera kuphunzira za kuponyera miyala, mauta, zishango, malupanga, nthungo, nthupi zokhala ndi mphonje, ndodo, zida zaukadaulo kapena masitaelo apadera monga antchito a magawo awiri, zolembera zachitsulo, zolembera zamkati, etc. mphamvu zamkati, kusinkhasinkha, ndi zina zambiri.

       Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zinali zochitira maphunziro zinali gawo la Thap bat ban ban vo nghe (Gawo khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za masewera andewu).

      Mu zaka zikwi zambiri za mbiriyakale, kuyambira zaka zamakedzana mpaka zamakono, panali nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha zomwe Vietnam idakhala yopanda nkhondo zosalekeza (malinga ndi Ph.D. kutsutsana pa mbiri yaku Vietnamese wochita kafukufuku ku Japan, wopangidwa ndi Prof Tran Quoc Vuong). Pa nthawi zisanu ndi ziwirizi, kodi amfumu aku Vietnamese ndi mandarins adachita chiyani? Zowonadi, iwo adapanga zolemba zakale, momwe zidalili zolemba panthawiyo Zamgululi nyengo.

… Pitirizani…

ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊  Kuyesa kuphunzira CHITSANZO CHA Mbiri Yakale YA ZINSINSI ZOTHA KWAULERE - Gawo 3.

◊  Kuyesa kuphunzira CHITSANZO CHA Mbiri Yakale YA ZINSINSI ZOTHA KWAULERE - Gawo 1.

BAN TU THU
11 / 2019