BIEN HOA - Cochinchina
Kumenya: 659
MARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. Geography Yakuthupi
KUYAMBA
Chigawo cha Bienhoa [Biên Hoa] ili kumpoto ndi ufumu wa Cambodia, kumwera chakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo, ndi zigawo za Baria [Bà Rịa] ndi Giadinh [Gia Định], kum'mawa, ndi ufumu wa Annamite, ndi kumadzulo, ndi zigawo za Thudaumot [Thủ Đầu Một] ndi Giadinh [Gia Định]. Ili ndi kutalika kwa 110 km ndipo m'lifupi mwake 90 km. Kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Bienhoa [Biên Hoa] dothi limapangidwa ndi dothi lapansi, la pansi pamiyala yamchenga, ndipo kumpoto-kummawa ndi kum'mawa-kummawa chakum'mawa kuli kofiyira kwamtundu (dongo loopsa). Mtsinje wofunikira kwambiri ndi Dong Nai ["Na Nai."], kumene gwero lake lili kumpoto kwa mapiri a Lang Biang [Liang Biang] (Annam [An Nam]). Pambuyo pakuyenda kudera lodziyimira la Mois ndi nkhalango zowirira, ndikatha kugwa kosawerengeka, imalowa mu Cochin-China mothandizidwa ndi Mois canton of Binh Tuy [Bình Tuy] (Bienhoa [Biên Hoà]).
NJIRA ZA KULUMIRA
Kupatula njira zamadzi, chigawo cha Bienhoa [Biên Hoaili ndi njira zokulirapo, yopereka njira zosavuta zolumikizirana pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za Colony, komanso madera osiyanasiyana m'chigawochi. Palinso njanji yochokera Saigon [Sài Gòn] kwa Phanthiet [Phan Thiet] yomwe imadutsa dera lonse la chigawo, mtunda woposa 100km.
ZOCHITIKA ZOCHITITSA NTCHITO ZOTHANDIZA
Ndi malo okongola, nkhalango zake zodzaza, chigawo cha Bienhoa [Biên Hoa] ndichokondweretsa kwambiri alendo ndi osewera. Maulendo oyamba ndi awa: mathithi a Trian [Tr. An] (35 km kuchokera mumzinda wawukulu ndi 65 km kuchokera ku Saigon [Sài Gòn],, komwe nyumba yakhazikitsidwa, pansi pa chisamaliro ndi mtengo wa chigawo. Malo amasewera ndi osaka ndi awa: Kum'mawa, a Xuanloc [Xuân Lộc] zigawo za Nui Chuachan [Chua Chan Mountain], miseche ya Lagna [La Nga], kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ndi Binh [Bình] ndi mapangidwe ake.
II. Gawo Loyang'anira
Chigawochi chili ndi migodi ya Annamite, yomwe idagawika m'midzi yokwana 115, ndi zitsamba 7 za Mois zokhala ndi midzi 45. Chiwerengero cha anthu 132000 chimakhala ndi anthu azungu 125, ma Annamite a 116000, ma Mo11500 a Mois, a 2000 Chinese etc.
ZOKHUDZA HOA
Tawuni yayikulu yachigawo, 30 km kuchokera Saigon [Sài Gòn], kumanja kwa mtsinje Donai ["Na Nai."]. Nthambi zonse zantchito yoyang'anira zikuyimiridwa pano. Ili ndi bwalo lamilandu yamphamvu. Kampani yopanga ma sharpshooters ili pano mndende, ndipo gulu lachiwiri la gulu la Indo- Chinese Air Service limalowa mkati Binh Thanh [Binh Thanh] kuyambira 1923.
III. Economical Yachuma
Zachilengedwe, RICE
Zanena kale kuti dothi la Bienhoa [Biên Hoa] si yoyenera kwambiri kulima mpunga. Pafupifupi mahekitala 30000 okha ndikugwiritsa ntchito minda ya riee. Chigawo cha Bienhoa chokhala ndi dothi lambiri lachonde, m'zaka zochepa, chitsogolera pantchito yobzala hevea yopanga mphira. Mahekala opitilira 32000 aperekedwa m'makampani a alimi a hevea. Dera lenileni lomwe labzalidwa ndilopitilira mahekitala 8500, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitengo yomwe idakhetsa kapena kudula kukuyerekeza ndi 795.553. Mu 1924 kupanga mphira wouma kunakwana matani 1.500. Zoyipa za mphira zadutsa, makampani abwereranso chidwi kuti awononge minda yawo ndikuwonjezera madera awo ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yawo.
MALANGIZO OSiyanasiyana - MITUNDU YA COCOA
Malo osungirako malo osungiramo malo amenewa ndi mahekitala 1.500, pomwe mahekitala 800 adagwira kale ntchito.
MIPANDA YA SUGAR CANE
Awa amakhala mahekitala 1.100 ndipo ali m'matangadza kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa chigawo.
MABODZA A CABBAGE
Mahekitala 1.700 akulimidwa, ndikupanga pachaka ma kilogalamu 600.000. Magawo ena ofunikira kwambiri ndi: Khofi, fodya, maapulo a maapozi, Arachides (mtedza), mitengo yazipatso ndi masamba.
KUSINTHA
Pali ntchito yamalonda kwambiri m'chigawochi. Kuphatikiza pa kusinthana kwa zinthu zomwe zimadyedwa m'boma, kuchuluka kwa mitengo matabwa kuli ndi udindo wofunikira kwambiri. Nkhalango za Bienhoa zimapereka mitengo yamitundumitundu yonse (trac, cam-lai, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya, sao, dau etc..) ndipo matabwa amaphulitsidwa ndi mabungwe azogulitsa ndi anthu ena, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito misewu yopanda zitsulo kugulitsa malonda awo m'chigawo zina za Cochin-China. Kachiwiri, ma granite ndi ma griteite ofunikira ndizofunikira kwambiri pachuma.
KUSINTHA
Otsatsa nkhalango adawerengera, mu 1923, pa malonda ofunikira awa: 47.000 cubic metres yamatabwa oyimitsa, 11.000 cubic metres yamatabwa omanga, 5.000 cubic metres matabwa opangira matabwa, matani 170 amakala, matani 120 a pyrology. Kampani yatsopano idapangidwa posachedwa, "Indo-Chinese Forest Co." At Nyimbo ya Dinh [Sông Dinh], kum'mawa kwa chigawo, pafupi ndi malire a Annam [Nam], kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa, ndikukhazikitsa kwamakono (mafuta opangira ma waya komanso ma mota opangira magetsi, "Decelville", etc.). Pali distillery yaku China ku Binh Truoc. Zotuluka pachaka zimatha 400 mpaka 450.000 malita a zakumwa zakumwa.
ZOCHITITSA ZA SUKULI
Pali malo oyeretsa obadwa 330, omwe amagwira ntchito kokha munthawi yokolola nzimbe. Pali wochita China wokuluka m'mudzi wa Binh Truoc wokhala ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kakotoni komwe kutulutsa kanyumba kanyumba kanyumba kanyumba kanyumba ka ma 3.500 metres. Ndi yodziwika bwino ndipo imagulitsidwa Bienhoa [Biên Hoa], Saigon [Sài Gòn] ndi Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn]. Fakitale yopangira burashi, ya M. Prevot, ilipo Phuoc Ly [Phước Lý].
NJIRA ZA KULUMIRA
Izi ndizambiri. Kupatula Saigon [Sài Gòn] - Phanthiet [Phan Thiet], yomwe imayendayenda kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku, uko ndi kumbuyo, pali ntchito zoyendera magalimoto khumi ndi imodzi. Komabe, palibe abesi okwera m'boma. Maboti ndi zotchinga zonyamula zinthu zosiyanasiyana, za granite, laterite, poto, chimanga, zipatso, zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kuchuluka kwa 1.700 mosiyanasiyana.
IV. Mbiri
(…) Chifukwa chake Bienhoa [Biên Hoa] idagonjetsedwa ndi Lord of lokongola [Uwu] (Annam [An Nam]) Nguyen Hieu Vuong [Nguyễn Hiếu Vương], mu ulamuliro wa mfumu Kuposa Ton [Lê Thánh Tôn] (1648-1663) ndi olamulidwa ndi nzika za Quang Nam [Quang Nam], Quang Ngai [Quảng Ngai] ndi Ninh Binh [Ninh Binh]. Cha kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1705, dera lino lidakulitsidwa pofika a Chinamen, maboma a asirikali pansi pa General Duong Ngan Lich [Dương Ngân Lịch]. Mothandizidwa ndi osamuka ofunikawa, dziko linayeretsedwa ndikulimidwa. Zamalonda ndi mafakitale zidapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo mudzi wa Ban Lan unakhala likulu lachitetezo, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi sitima zamalonda zamayiko osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakwera Dong Nai ["Na Nai."] kusinthanitsa malonda awo. Bienhoa- [Chidziwitso Biên Hoa] Tinh anali wa mtundu wa Annamites mpaka pomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi achi French mu 1861. Muulamuliro wachi French, Bienhoa Tinh [Chidziwitso Biên Hoa] idapangidwa m'maboma atatu: Baria [Bà Rịa], Bienhoa [Biên Hoa], Thudaumot [Thủ Đầu Một].
BAN Lachiwiri THƯ
12 / 2019
ZINDIKIRANI:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Paint, anabadwira ku Valenciennes - dera lakumpoto kwambiri ku France. Chidule cha moyo ndi ntchito:
+ 1905-1920: Kugwira ntchito ku Indochina komanso kuyang'anira mishoni kwa Kazembe wa Indochina;
+ 1910: Mphunzitsi ku Far East School of France;
+ 1913: Kuwerenga zaluso zachilengedwe komanso kufalitsa zolemba zingapo zaukadaulo;
+ 1920: Anabwerera ku France ndipo anakonza ziwonetsero zaluso ku Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - zojambula za Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, komanso zikumbutso zina ochokera ku Far East;
+ 1922: Akufalitsa mabuku onena za zokongoletsa ku Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Adalandira mphotho yayikulu ku Colonial Exhibition ku Marseille, ndipo adagwirizana ndi wopanga mapulani a Pavillon de l'Indochine kuti apange zinthu zamkati;
+ 1952: Amwalira ali ndi zaka 68 ndipo amasiya zojambula zambiri ndi zithunzi;
+ 2017: Ntchito yake yopenta idayambitsidwa bwino ndi mbadwa zake.
ZOKHUDZA:
"Buku"LA COCHINCHINE”- Anatero Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng ĐứcOfalitsa, Hanoi, 2018.
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Mawu olimba mtima komanso oyimbidwa a Vietnamese akhazikika mkati mwa zolemba - zolembedwa ndi Ban Tu Thu.
ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA