KULUMIRA kwa 54 ETHNIC GROUPS ku VIETNAM - Gawo 1

Kumenya: 556

PHAM DUC THANH, Dr. Assoc. Pulofesa¹

Dziko Laku Southeast Asia

    Vietnam ndi dziko lowumbidwa ndi S lozungulira kumalire a kum'mawa kwa kilomita 331,041 Dera la Indochina. Imakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana: nkhalango ndi mapiri, pakati, chigwa, nyanja, chisumbu komanso malo akulu akulu.

    Vietnam ili mu mtima wa Asia, yolumikiza chakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Yuroya continent.

    Mapiri ndi zitunda zimakwirira magawo anayi a magawo anayi a dzikolo. Mu fayilo ya North, makamaka a Kumadzulo chakumadzulo, ndi mapiri ataliatali. The Mtundu wa Hoang Lien Son², yolumikiza Ma river Range³ ndi kumpoto Mtundu wa Truong Son⁴, ndi VietnamMadera ovuta kufikako chifukwa chamapiri ataliatali ndi mitsinje yolekanitsa ndi kulepheretsa kulumikizana pakati pamadera osiyanasiyana. Kudutsa kumwera Mtundu wa Truong Son², mapiri amatsetsereka pang'ono kumadzulo, ndikupanga chigwa chachikulu kwambiri chotchedwa basalt Tay Nguyen⁵ (Mapiri Akuluakulu, kenako kuthamangira kummawa kwa South Vietnam musanalowe nawo wamkulu Delta ya Mekong⁶.

    Milozi Kumadzulo chakumadzulo monga Da (Black), Hong (Red), Lo, Ma Miyezi, zonse zimayambira chakumpoto chakumwera-chakumwera. Mphepete mwa mitsinje yakumtunda kumtunda kumathandiza kupanga zigwa zazikuluzikulu zonse. Mabwalo a Alluvial ndi mabenchi a m'mphepete mwa mitsinje adakutidwa ndi kanthete kopanda chonde kwambiri kuti mulimidwe mpunga. Awanso ndi malo abwino okhala omwe ndi njira yabwino yopangira chithunzi chowoneka bwino komanso chodabwitsa.

   Kumpoto kwa Central Vietnam, mapiri amathamangira kunyanja. Mitsinje yayifupi yofulumira imakhala ndi alluvium yaying'ono ndipo singapange ma Deltas ambiri. Kuchokera kumwera chakumwera chakumwera, komabe, pambali pa mitsinje ina yomwe ikulowera chakum'mawa, mitsinje ngati Se Bang Phay⁷, Se Bang Hieng Poko⁸ndipo Serepok⁹ yolozerani chakumadzulo Laos¹⁰ ndi Cambodia¹¹ kulowa nawo Mtsinje wa Mekong¹² ndisanabwererenso Vietnam komwe amapanga chonde chachikulucho Delta ya Mekong¹³.

    Vietnam ili ndi madzi akulu opezeka kumtunda, m'mphepete mwa nyanja kupitirira 3,200 km ndi alumali yayikulu, yomwe ili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira kuphatikizapo gwero losatha lazinthu zapamadzi.

Chithunzi Choonekera Kwambiri cha Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana

    Vietnam ndi dziko lamitundu yambiri. Malinga ndi chilengezo chaboma, Vietnam ali ndi mafuko 54 omwe Vietnamese (Zoyipa) ambiri. Mitundu yocheperako yamitundu ina imakhala pafupifupi 14% ya anthu onse. Pakadali pano, maguluwa akupanga 12 miliyoni. Kudalira magawo azilankhulo, mitundu yamafuko mu Vietnam ali m'magulu asanu ndi atatu a zilankhulo:

1. The Vietnam-Muong (magulu anayi):  Vietnamese (Zoyipa), Muong, Thondipo Khalani chete.
2. The Tay-Thai (magulu asanu ndi atatu): Tay, Chi Thai, Nung, Bo Y, Giay, Lao, Lundipo San Chay.
3. The Mon-Khmer (Magulu a 21): Kho Mu, Khang, Mang, Xinh Mun, Bru-Van Kieu, Ta Oi, Co Tu, Ho Re, Gie Trieng, Ba Na, Xe Dang, Brau, Ro Mam, Mnong, Ma, Co Ho, Xtieng Cho Ro. Khmer, ndi O Du.
4. The Hmong - Dao (magulu atatu): Hmong, Daondipo Pa Kenako.
5. The Malayo-Poline (magulu asanu): Gia Rai, Ede, Chu Ru, Raglai, ndi Cham.
6. The Han (magulu atatu): Hoa (Han), Ngayindipo San Diu.
7. The Chiteto-Burmese (magulu asanu ndi limodzi): Mwe, Phu La, La Hu, Cong, Lo Lo, ndi Ngati ndi.
   8. Ena: Chilao, La Chi, Pu Peo, ndi La Ha.

… Zipitilira gawo 2…

zolemba:
¹ : PHAM DUC THANH (1944, Hai Phong) - Pulofesa Wothandizira, Ph.D., Mtsogoleri wakale wa Southeast Asia Institute Yophunzira (1994-Marichi 2006); Chifukwa cha nkhondo pambuyo pa Mgwirizano wa Geneva 1954, adamaliza sukulu yasekondale mu 1963 ndipo adalembetsa, kenako natulutsidwa mu 1968, kenako adalemba mayeso olowera Hanoi University of Technology, Njira 13, Gulu La Mbiri, ndipo ndinamaliza maphunziro ku yunivesite pa nthawi ya Ufumu waku AmericaNkhondo yowononga kwambiri mu North (mochedwa 1972), kenako ndikubwerera ku Vietnam Mbiri Institute. Mu Juni 1973, anali antchito a Southeast Asia Board Yofufuza, omwe akukhudzidwa ndi CambodiaKafukufuku, ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala Mutu wa Zida Zachidziwitso (mu 1978). Mu 1983, a Southeast Asia Institute Yophunzira idakhazikitsidwa pamaziko a Southeast Asia Board Yofufuza ndipo anali woyang'anira wa Woyang'anira dipatimenti ya Kafukufuku waku Cambodia ndi Secretary Council wa Science Council. Mu 1986, ndi ntchito yofufuza pa Mbiri Yamakono ya Cambodian, adateteza bwino chiphunzitso chake chachipatala ndipo adayamba kunena dzina lake mu sayansi.

    Kubwerera ku Czechoslovakia patapita nthawi yayitali maphunziro a udokotala, mu 1991, adakwezedwa Wachiwiri kwa Director ndiyeno Wowongolera Southeast Asia Research Institute (mu 1994) ndipo adakhalabe muofesiyo mpaka atapuma pantchito (Marichi, 2006).

    Kwa zaka makumi angapo akugwira ntchito ndi Institute, ndi kafukufuku wamayiko omwe ali m'chigawochi, makamaka m'dziko la Cambodia, Assoc. PHAM DUC THANH ali ndi mwayi wambiri wofufuza ntchito za sayansi: 1) Mitu yayikulu yayikulu mu State monga: Udindo wa mayiko akuluakulu mdera la Asia-Pacific; 2) Pulojekiti yanthambi ya pulogalamu yofufuzira za capitalism wamakono ndi mutu wodziyimira payokha wotchedwa "ASEAN amalumikizana m'zaka khumi zoyambira zana la 21 zino”Zomwe adazitsogolera; 3) Ntchito zisanu ndi ziwiri zautumiki pankhani monga: Kugwirizana kwa Vietnam-Laos m'mbiri yakale, M'madera a Vietnamese ndi Lao, Asia-Pacific Economic Community (APEC), Development Triangle Vietnam-Laos-Cambodia,…; 4) Gwirizanitsani kukhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi kuti apange phokoso pakati pa ofufuza; 5) Pafupifupi mabuku 10 (zolembedwa mosiyana komanso mogwirizana) monga: "Mbiri Mbiri ya Cambodia"(1995), "Ubwenzi wa Vietnam-ASEAN", ...; 6) Pafupifupi zolemba 30 zomwe zidasindikizidwa m'magazini akatswiri akunyumba ndi akunja.

    Ngakhale ntchito yake yoyang'anira ndiyotanganidwa kwambiri, Assoc. Pulofesa Dr. PHAM DUC THANH akadali ndi nthawi yophunzitsira ophunzira kuchokera Gulu La Mbiri, ndi Dipatimenti Yophunzirira Zam'mayiko at Hanoi General University (tsopano University of Social Sayansi & Anthu, Vietnam National University, Hanoi), mayunivesite ena mu Ho Chi Minh City… Anati: "Ndi chizolowezi cha maphunziro omwe athandiza kwambiri pakufufuza pazinthu zokhudzana ndi malo ophunzirira".

² :… Ikusintha…

ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊  Magulu A 54 A Vietnam - Chiyambi.
◊  KUKHALA KWA ANTHU AKUFUNA 54 ku Vietnam - Gawo 2.
◊  Gulu la BA NA Community la Magulu a Mitundu 54 ku Vietnam.
◊ Mtundu waku Vietnamese (vi-Ndemanga):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 1.
◊ Mtundu waku Vietnamese (vi-Ndemanga):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 2.
Version Mtundu waku Vietnamese (vi-Ndemanga):  54 Dani toc Viet Nam.
Version Mtundu waku Vietnamese (vi-Ndemanga):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em Viet Nam.

BAN TU THU
06/2020

ZINDIKIRANI:
Chitsime:  Magulu a Mitundu 54 ku Vietnam - Nyumba yosindikiza ya VNA Thong Tan, Hanoi, 2008.
◊ Zonse zolembedwa ndi zolemba zazing'ono zakhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz