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MALO OGWIRITSA NTCHITO NDIPONSO ZOCHULUKA ZA VIETNAM - Gawo 3

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HUNG NGUYEN MANH

… Kupitilizidwa:

Pambuyo pofufuza, titha kuwona kuti njira zamasewera olimbitsa thupi zakale zinali zosavuta. Tiyeni tiyese kufotokoza kuti zotsatirazi (malinga ndi zofalitsa):

1. Kukulitsa thupi: Kusankha mwala kapena cholemera chozungulira mozungulira kilosite 36. Ojambula masewera olimbitsa thupi anali kuchita mwa kukweza ndi kutsitsa kuti athandize kulimbitsa minofu yawo. Kulemerako kumadzakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.

2. Kuyeseza bar okwera: Kusankha nthambi yayitali kapena kukhazikitsa bar (ngati bar yopingasa). Kuyeserera kukokera m'munsi mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri tsiku lililonse.

Mchitidwewu udali wofanana ndi bar yopingasa: Kukokera miyendo iwiri kunthambi ndikugudubuzika kuti mukhale ndi matayala osinthika ndikukonzekera kukwera.

3. Kuyeseza kulumpha kwambiri: Kusankha mulu wapansi ndikuchita kulumpha. Kuvala mathalauza odzazidwa ndi mchenga ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuchotsa mchenga kuti uzichita. Mpaka mchenga wonse utatsanuliridwa, ochita masewera andewu amamveka mopepuka. Wojambula wabwino wa zankhondo amatha kudumphadumpha padenga.

4. Kulasa ndi kukankha: Kugwiritsa ntchito manja awiri kukhomerera thumba la chimanga tsiku lililonse. Ngati mutayeseza kwanthawi yayitali, munthu amatha kudumphira pamtengo wa nthochi. Mitengo ya Kicemparch nthochi njerwa njerwa ndi miyala.

5. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida: Zida zodziwika panthawiyi zinali ndodo, chishango, ndi mahule. Chida chilichonse chinali ndi kalembedwe kake, payekhapayekha, pawiri, kapena kuvina (mwaukadaulo). Ophunzitsawo nthawi zonse amakhala atagwira chimpeni m'manja kuti asunge momwe akumaphunzitsira (monga pochita piyano).

Chidziwitso: Pa nthawi ya mchitidwewu, ophunzira masewera andewu amangodya msuzi wa mpunga kapena nthochi zochepa. Mukamayeseza, ophunzira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta kupweteka ndipo wophunzitsayo amatha kukonza masamba a bamboo kuti apweteke.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuyambira chaka cha 17 cha a Minh Mang, gawo loyeserera zankhondo lidachitika ku Thua Thien, kenako ku Hanoi ndi Thanh Hoa. Thi Huong adachitidwa zaka zingapo molingana ndi ulamuliro wa Yin ndi Yang: mbewa, Hatchi, Mphaka, Kuku.

Thi Hoi adachitika zaka za chinjoka, Galu, Buffalo, Mbuzi.

Zaka zina zotsala zinali za mayeso a mabuku. Pankhani ya mayeso, choyambirira, ophunzirawo ayenera kutenga mayeso atatu motsatizana:

I. Kuunika koyambirira: Kulimbitsa thupi

- Kulemera kwake kumapangidwa ndi lead, pafupifupi ma 66 kilos.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito manja awiri kunyamula zolemera ziwirizo mtunda wa pafupifupi mita 64 kapena kupitilira apo, kutengera mphamvu ya wopikisana nayeyo.

Zikadachitika, wopemphedwa adzapatsidwa mwayi waukulu.
- Ngati wothandizirayo atangogwiritsa ntchito dzanja limodzi kuti anyamule cholemera chimodzi, ayenera kupitilira mita 120 kuti akhale apamwamba kuposa ena.
- Ngati anyamula ndi manja onse awiri ndikuyenda kuchokera 48 mita kapena dzanja limodzi atanyamula kulemera ndikupita ma 64 mita, angawerengedwe kuti akudutsa.
- Ngati sichoncho, adzachotsedwa.

II. Kuunikira kwachiwiri: Kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo ndi mkondo

1. Ndodo zinali zopangidwa ndi chitsulo, cholemera ma kilogalamu 18, zidagawika patatu. Otsatirawo amayenera kusuntha miyendo yawo ngati kuvina, kukankha ndi kumenya chandamale.
- Ngati atha kupita mamita 240, atha kuwerengedwa pakati.
- Ngati atha kuyenda mamita 160, angawerengedwe kuti akudutsa. Ngati sakanatha kufika patali, akanachotsedwa.

2. Spears anali ndi kutalika kwamamita 3.5. Ofunawo adagwiritsa dzanja limodzi kugwira pansi pa mkondo; mbali inayo anagwira pakati, kuyimirira mikono 12 kuchokera pa chidole. Zitatha izi, wopemphayo adalumpha kuti akwere mwachangu, cholunjika pa chandamale, kenako kuthamanga kuti akagwere pamimba pa chidole. Akamenyedwa ndi nsonga ya mkondo, wopondayo angalemekezedwe; akagunda kokha, anawerengedwa; ngati ataphonya chandamale, amachotsedwa.

III. Kuunika kachitatu: Kugwiritsa ntchito masiketi

- Ofuna kuwombera ayenera kuyimirira ma 82 mita (20 truong ndi 5 thuoc) (5) (6) kutali ndi chandamale.
- Ofuna kuwomberedwa adaloledwa kuwombera kasanu ndi kamodzi:
a) Ngati akumenya chandamale ndi kuwombera ziwiri, kuwombera kumodzi mozungulira chandamale, kuwombera katatu kunja kwa chandamale, wopikisana nayeyo adayesedwa wamkulu.
b) Ngati agunda chandamale nthawi ina, kuwombera kamodzi kumenya mozungulira chozungulira, kuwombera anayi kunja kwa chandamale, wopondayo amawerengedwa pakati.
c) Ngati kugunda mozungulira mozungulira katatu konse, kuwombera anayi kunja kwa chandamale, wopemphedwa amawona ngati wadutsa.
d) Akaphonya chandamale kasanu ndi kamodzi kapena kungomenya kamodzi, amalephera.

Kutsiliza pambuyo pa mayeso atatu:

1. Ngati atakhala wamkulu komanso wamba, wopikidwayo atchedwa bachelor.
2. Ngati pachikhalidwe amangodutsa ndiye kuti baccalaureate.

Pa mayeso omaliza (kuyeserera pakamwa), ochita kusankha ayenera kudutsa mafunso atatu pa zamagulu ankhondo.

Kutengera ndi zotsatila, ofuna kuyankhidwa adzagawidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana.

A. Thi hoi (kufufuza kwa mzinda)

Ndi ayi [Ndimakonda] zinali zofanana ndi thi huong koma zolemera mosiyanasiyana: 66 kilos for uwu uwu [ndi hương] ndi ma kilogalamu 72 a ayi ku [ndi hội].

Mtunda wolemetsa kulemera kwa thi huong anali pafupi mita 64 ndi 80 mita ayi ku [ndi hội].

Ngati angapite mayeso onse, wophunzirayo angaganiziridwe popachika chingwe [dziwani].

B. Thi dinh (Kuyesedwa kwa bwalo lamilandu)

Ngati zenizeni (kudziwa Chitchaina ndi Yi ching), ofuna kulembetsa amatha kudzipatsa okha mayeso.

Ngati ndi osaphunzira, sakanatha kulembetsa mu Alireza [Wolemba] koma amayenera kuyankha mafunso otsatirawa:
1. Zankhondo zankhondo.
2. Machenjerero ankhondo a akazembe odziwika kale m'mbuyomu komanso pano.
3. Mbiri yakale.

Kupitilira pamayeso amenewa, oweruza amadalira zotsatira kuti agamule mulingo wawo.
- Ngati angaganize kuti wadutsa, wopikirayo adzawerengedwa kuti ndi dokotala wa masewera andewu.

aKupatsidwa chovala, chipewa, mbendera, bolodi.
b) Kuti aziloledwa vinh quy bai to (kubwerera kunyumba kukalipira makolo akale atapeza ulemu wamaphunziro) (ngati ndi van [tiến sĩ văn])

- Ngati sanadutse kapena kungodutsa ayi ku [ndi hội] ndipo sanathe kupita anayankha [anayankha], akanapatsidwa mwayi wachiwiri.

ZINDIKIRANI:
1: LÉON VANDERMEERSCH, Le nouveau monde sinisé, Paris: Seuil, 1985.

2: Chu Van [Chu Van] (1292-1370), dzina lenileni Chu An [Chu An], dzina la cholembera Yesani An [Tiều Ẩn], dzina la kalata Linh Triet [Linh Triệt]. Iye anali mphunzitsi, sing'anga, mandarin wapamwamba wa Tran [Bare] Wachifumu m'mbiri ya Vietnam. Iye anali wodziwa Van Trinh Cong [Văn Trinh Công]. Ndiye chifukwa chake patapita nthawi anayamba kudziwika kuti Chu Van [Chu Van]. Anali munthu wowongoka yemwe adapereka Thai hoc sinh (dzina la iwo omwe adapereka mabuku ndi Hoi [inu Hội]) koma anakana kukhala mandarin. M'malo mwake, adatsegula sukulu mu Huynh Cung [Huỳnh Cung] mudzi, kudutsa Kupita ku Lich [Tô Lịch] Mtsinje. Chiphunzitso cha An chidachita gawo lalikulu pofalitsa Confucianism kupita ku Vietnam nthawi ino. Mu ulamuliro wa Tran Minh Tong [Trần Minh Tông] (1300-1357), adakhala mphunzitsi ku sukulu yachifumu, komwe adayang'anira kuphunzitsa kalonga wa Vuong, mfumu yamtsogolo Tran Hien Tong [Trần Hiến Tông]. Pambuyo pake, muulamuliro wa a Du Tong, pempho lake lodula ma mandarin ena XNUMX, omwe amamuimba mlandu kuti ndi achinyengo, adakanidwa. Adatopa ndikusiya ntchito. Pambuyo pake, adabwerako Phuong Hoang [Phoenix] Phiri (Chi Linh, Hai Duong [Chí Linh, Hải Dhui]). Adagwiritsa ntchito dzina la cholembera Yesani An [Tiều Ẩn] (chobowola chitsamba). Kwa moyo wake wonse, adapitiliza ntchito yake yophunzitsa ndikulemba mabuku.

(3) TRAN QuOC TUAN [Anayankha] adabadwa m'ma XNUMX (zaka 20), nthawi ya Ufumu wa ku Mongolia loto loti "olamulira dziko”, Zomwe zidapangitsa Vietnam kukhala ndi cholinga choti ilande dziko la Southeast Asia. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa Tran Thu Chitani [Kondwani Chanda], Ndivhuwo Matumba [Anayankha] adawononga kuukila koyamba ku Mongolia. Pambuyo Tran Thu Chitani [Kondwani Chanda] adamwalira (1264), adakhala mtsogoleri wa Tran [Bare] Kudzilamulira ndikugonjetsanso nkhondo yaku Mongolia nthawi yachiwiri. Adapambana nkhondo yachitatu pa a Mongols kachiwiri (1287) ndi Nkhondo yotchuka ya Bach Dang [Bach Dang] Mtsinje wakuziteteza Vietnam [Việt Nam](Dai Vietnam [Ndili Việt] Nyengo) ndi ku Southeast Asia konse. Amawoneka ngati woyera mtima.
(4) HENRI OGER - “Kỹ thuật của người An Nam” (Amisiri du peuple Annamite) - yakhazikitsidwa mu Hanoi [Hà Nội] (1908-1909). Wothandizira Pulofesa, PhD. NGUYEN MANH HUNG [Nguyen Manh Hung] adafufuza, adayambitsa, ndipo adalengeza ku Culture and Arts Association ku Hanoi [Hà Nội], Vietnam [Việt Nam] (1984), Yunivesite ya California ku America (2004), ndi Paris School of Oriental Language ku France (2006).

(5) Truong [Trượng] ndi gawo lakale la Vietnam ndi China. Ndi gawo lamitengo yakale mumadongosolo a decimal kutengera wolamulira woyambira. Truong imodzi ndiyofanana ndi 10 Vietnamese metres (pafupifupi 4 French metres).

(6) Thuoc [Th .c] ndi chipangizo choyezera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zinthu, zomwe ndizofanana ndi millimeter. Thuoc Thuoc [Th .c] amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula, kuyeza kutalika, kutalika, kumakona,….