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HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

   Pakhala pali mabuku ambiri mokomera komanso vesi la Vietnam, makamaka kuyambira pomwe a French ndi kubadwa kwa Quốc Ngữ (Zolemba za National Romanized), nkhani zakulemba pa Vietnam Tachulukana kwambiri. Komabe, maphunziro awa nthawi zambiri samachitidwa ndi ojambula. Mwinanso, pachifukwa ichi, Henri Oger adapeza malo ake ojambulitsa zochitika za ku Vietnam ndi zikwizikwi zojambula zamatabwa oyamba.

   Ngakhale malo ochepa atchulidwa ndi mutu wa polojekiti yake: "Njira za Annamese² anthu"³ Pamenepo Henri Oger adachita lipotilo loyamba komanso lalikulu kwambiri pamagawo akumidzi kumpoto kwa Vietnam, makamaka Hanoi in 1908 ndi 1909.

    Kumayambiriro kwa buku lake, Henri Oger analemba kuti: “Olemba aluso aluso si ambiri! Kumbali inayi, kwa anthu onse, kukumbukira kwamawonekedwe kumakhala kozama kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, gawo lalikulu kwambiri la ntchitoyi lili ndi zojambulazo ndi zojambulajambula. Sichinthu changozi ...".⁴

    Henri Oger'' Gawo lotsegulira likufotokoza phindu la zojambula zomwe sizinachitike mwangozi kapena mwakukondana ndi wopweteka.

Wophunzira wa Mr. Silvain Levi ndi Mr. Zala, aprofesa a French Academy ku Practical College of Higher maphunziro (Olecole pratique des Hautes - maphunziro) komanso ku yunivesite ya Sorbonne mu 1907, Henri Oger adafunsa Unduna wa Zachikhalidwe ku France kuti alandire mwayi wogwira ntchito yankhondo mu 1908-1909 mu Tonkin ndicholinga chofuna kupeza zinthu zabwino zofufuzira zake ku banja lachi Vietnamese pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino.

     Kudzicheka motere, Henri Oger adafotokoza kafukufuku wake m'mitu yotsatirayi:

1. Makampani omwe zida zawo zimachokera ku zachilengedwe.
2. Makampani ogulitsa omwe zida zawo zimachokera ku chilengedwe.
3. Makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zopangidwa kukonzedwa.
4. Moyo waboma komanso wamseri.

     Zokhudza moyo wapagulu komanso wamseri, Henri Oger gawani Maphunziro 11 kuphatikizapo zamatsenga ndi kuwombeza, mankhwala achikhalidwe, zojambula za anthu, masewera ndi zoseweretsa, Tết (Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano) ndi zikondwerero.

   Ponena za Vietnam'm Chaka Chatsopano cha Lunar Zikondwerero zachikhalidwe, Henri Oger watipatsa chowoneka bwino pamawonekedwe azikhalidwe ndi zochitika zakale zam'mbuyomu, gawo la atsamunda ochita zachikondwerero, ambiri omwe salinso gawo lamakono la Vietnamese.

    The Anthu aku VietnameseKuyambira kalekale, kutukuka kwa mpunga konyowa, kumakhala zikondwerero zambiri zamiyambo ndi zikondwerero zowerengeka zodzaza ndi chisangalalo. Amaphatikizapo chikondwerero chatsopano cha mpunga chomwe chimachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kumapeto kwa nyengo yosaka, kumapeto kwa masika ndi zikondwerero zoyambirira za chilimwe monga mwezi woyamba mvula ndi tizilombo kupha zikondwerero ... Ndi masiku angapo amwambo. Makamaka, kutsanzikana ndi dzinja, Makolo aku Vietnamese anachita Chikondwerero chachikulu kapena Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, panali chikondwerero pakati pa mwezi woyamba wa chikondwerero cha Abuda pakati pa mwezi wachisanu ndi chiwiri komanso pakati pa Autumn Chikondwerero cha ana (zonse malinga ndi kalendala ya LunarMalinga ndi miyambo, miyambo yopembedza makolo idzafika pa tsiku lachitatu la mwezi wachitatu (mu kasupe), tsiku la 5 la mwezi wachisanu (nthawi yotentha), tsiku la 9 la mwezi wachisanu ndi chinayi (m'dzinja) ndi tsiku la 22 la mwezi wa XNUMX (nyengo yozizira). Kuwerengera konseku kumachokera pa kusintha kwa nyengo mchaka ndi kalendala yaulimi yaku Eastern. Mwambo uliwonse ndi chikondwerero chilichonse chimakhala ndi chake komanso pamiyambo ndi zikondwerero zamasiku ano Anthu aku Vietnamese achita misonkhano, yayikulu kapena yaying'ono, mdera limodzi kapena m'dziko lonselo.

ZINDIKIRANI:
¹  Gwirizanani ndi Pulofesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
²  Mawu oti "Annamite" omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamutu wa bukuli amangogwiritsidwa ntchito motsogozana ndi atsamunda achi France, mopanda ulemu. 
³ HENRI OGER - Njira Yopangira Annamite (Njira Za Anthu Annamese) - 114 Street ya Jules Ferry - Hanoi (1908 - 1909).
⁴  HENRI OGER (Zolemba pazakale paukadaulo, ethnography ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ku China ndi Indochina - Kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu pa kuphunzira kwa njira za Annamese People - Essay on the Annamese People'senyama, art and ma fakitori- 2 volumes) - lofalitsidwa ndi Geuthner, Jouve & Cie ku Paris 1919.

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

ZINDIKIRANI:
Chitsime: Chaka Chatsopano cha Vietnamese cha ku Vietnamese - Chikondwerero chachikulu - Asso. Prof HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
Images Zithunzi zolimba mtima komanso sepia zakhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz

ONANI ZINA:
◊  Chizindikiro cha mawu oti "Tết"
◊  Zovuta za anthu opatsa - Kudera nkhawa nkhuku ndi makeke.
◊  Chaka Chatsopano cha Vietnam Lunar - vi-VersiGoo
◊ etc.