MALO OGWIRITSA NTCHITO NDIPONSO ZOCHULUKA ZA VIETNAM - Gawo 2
Kumenya: 503
HUNG NGUYEN MANH
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Masewera a karate & Malamulo
Zojambula zankhondo zaku Vietnam waku Vietnam adakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo masukulu a masewera andewu mu ulamuliro wachinyengo.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mabuku anali ndi malo oyenera m'bwalo lachifumu, masewera andewu zidapangidwanso chimodzimodzi m'mbiri yaku Vietnamese yankhondo ndi mtendere. Nkhondo zimachitika mosalekeza ndipo masewera a karate adapambana. Nthawi zina, ngakhale masewera a karati amatha kusintha mabungwe achifumu. Ndivhuwo Matumba adalemekezedwa ngati Hung Dao Vuong. Anali masewera olimbitsa thupi a karati osati waku Vietnam kokha komanso wa dziko lapansi. Adadziwika kuti a m'munda amene anawononga chikhumbo chofuna kulamulira dziko lapansi mu ufumu wa Mongolia. Ankhondo a izi Ufumu wa ku Mongolia amatha kukhala ndikugona pamahatchi panthawi yolanda, ngati owukira okhala ndi zida. Ankhondo anabweretsa maloto a A Genghis Khan, yomwe inalikugwetsa dzuwa pansi pa mapazi ake”Pomwe amakhoza kufika patali pamahatchi awo amphamvu.
Makhalidwe odzikuza ngati omwe ali pamwambawa adakonzedwa m'mbiri yoyambirira ya anthu, monga Ufumu wa Roma, kapena wopulumuka ufumu m'mbiri yamakono komanso yamakono, Ufumu wa Nazi, zomwe mbiri yaku Vietnam idakumana nayo.
Kunja kwa minda ya mpunga ndi midzi, komwe kumenyanako kunayatsidwa kuti ipandukire nkhondo zakunja, kunali ambiri ngwazi zokonda dziko. Tiyenera kutchula maulamuliro osiyanasiyana ndi zopereka zazikulu pakumanga dziko mkati mwa nsanja za ndale za ku East.
Tiyeni tidumulire kudutsa nthawi yazakale Mzera wa Nguyen. Zojambula zankhondo zaku Vietnam zalowa a dongosolo lodziwika bwino ndi zochitika zambiri zikuchitika ku Ambuye Trinh Cuong nyengo.
- A sukulu yankhondo inatsegulidwa 1721 (the chaka chachiwiri cha Bao Thai, nyengo ya Le Trung Hung) ndipo adasankha giao thu (mandarins oyang'anira maphunziro mtawuni).
- Panali mayeso a masewera andewu mu 1723 (4th chaka cha Bao Thai) ndipo adachitidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse.momwemonso mabuku).
Mosiyana ndi mafakitale amakono, Gulu lakumidzi lakumawa zakale sizinkachita kulembetsa kwapachaka koma zaka zitatu zilizonse ndi zaka zosiyana za mabuku ndi masewera andewu. Kwa masewera andewu, mayeso adakonzedwa motere:
1. Thi Chifukwa chake (Kuyesedwa kwa Kulembedwa Kwanu): Zolingidwa m'matauni am'deralo mzaka za mbewa, Hatchi, Mphaka, Kuku. Iwo amene amadutsa amapeza Tao si dipuloma (yofanana ndi digiri ya bachelor).
2. Th Bac ku (Kuyesedwa kwa Kulemba Ntchito Kwambiri): Adakonzedwa kulikulu kukalandila Tao si (chimodzimodzi ndi dokotala) m'zaka za Chinjoka, Galu, Buffalo, Mbuzi. Chaka choyamba chinali chaka cha Goat, 1724, mu wadi ya Thinh Quang pomwe anthu khumi ndi mmodzi amawaganizira kuti adutsa.
Pa zaka 69 za Le Trung Hung Nthawi, panali mayeso khumi ndi khumi ndi anayi 199 ife, mwa iwo panali 59 okadandaula kuposa (wokhala ndi luso lankhondo) ndi 140 dong tao si xuat kuposa (zofananira ndi luso lankhondo).
pa Nguyen mafumu, ndi 18th chaka of Mayi Manga (1837), panali lamulo latsopano.
Mfumu analengeza kuti "pakadali pano mayeso a masewera andewu alibe malamulo pano.Chifukwa chake, mfumu idayika malamulo a mipikisano, amene anali pansi pa malamulo a Mzera.
Maphikisanowo anali a anthu omwe anali ndi masewera andewu zankhondo. Mpikisano udachitika zaka zitatu zilizonse kudzera pama mayeso a masewera andewu omwe adatchulidwa mayeso a mabuku: Th umodzi (kuyesedwa kwa boma) mzaka za Ng'ombe, Monkey, Njoka, Nkhumba; ndi mayeso hoi (kuyang'anira mzinda) m'zaka za Chinjoka, Galu, Buffalo, Mbuzi.
Makamaka, mu 6th chaka cha Thieu Tri nyengo (1846,, mfumu idaloleza a khoa (mayeso apadera okondera) oyitanidwa khoa thi Vo kinh (Kuyang'anira gulu lankhondo) osankhidwa 31. Zinalinso chimodzimodzi ndi Literature din Dinh (kuyesedwa kukhoti lachifumu).
Panali kusiyana chimodzi mu Nguyen mzera wochokera kwa Le mafumu, komwe kunali kusiyidwa kwa kuyesedwa kwa malingaliro (gulu lankhondo) komanso chidwi chokhacho luso la masewera andewu. Mwina kuyambira pamenepo, masewera andewu achi Vietnamese adabweretsa "chiwawa" pagulu.
Onse opita kukawunika mayeso atatu motsatira: Kuunika koyamba kunali kulemera. Kulemba kwachiwiri kunali kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo, chishango, ndi akuchita masewera andewu. Kulemba kachitatu kunali kugwiritsa ntchito masheki.
Kulemba kachitatu ndi mayeso omaliza kwa iwo omwe sanathe kudutsa awiri oyambayo. Ofuna ambiri sanathe kugunda pa chandamale chifukwa ma muske anali oletsedwa pomwe anthu wamba m'midzi yaying'ono analibe malo owombera oyenera.
Pamwambapa ndiye gawo loyambirira la masewera a karati Nguyen Mafumu, yomwe idachitika likulu kukalandila vo cu nhan digiri (luso lankhondo). Mu 1848, a chaka choyamba cha Tu Duc, malamulo mayeso adasinthidwa. Ophunzirawo sanayese mayeso onse atatu motsatana koma aliyense mwa iwo. Ngati alephera chilichonse mwa zitatuzi, sanaloledwe kuyesedwa mopitilira gawo lina.
Mu chaka chachitatu cha Tu Duc (1850), njira zoyeserera zidasinthidwanso. Ofunsidwa anaphunzira mayeso awiri oyambilira motsatana. Ngati alandila ambiri, amaloledwa kutenga kuyeserera kachitatu kenako ndikuganiza kupita. Chaka chotsatira cha Tu Duc (1851), mfumu idayika mayeso awiri, Ndi uwu ndi Ndife lero, ndiye din Dinh. Ngati ofuna anali chidziwitso cha masewera andewu, amakhoza kulembetsa ku nsi vo (masewera andale ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi). Akadakhala kuti sadziwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga koma adapitilira mayeso a malingaliro, amawaganiziridwa udindo wachiwiri kokha. Akalembetsedwa, ofuna kulowa mgulowo akhale ndi kuyesedwa mkamwa ndi mafunso asanu on Mabuku anayi, Military Classics ndi malembedwe a akulu otchuka m'mbuyomu komanso masiku ano. Akadakhoza kuyankha bwino, adaloledwa kutenga anayankha. Mphoto ya osankhidwa amenewa anali yen yen ban (kukomera mtima mfumu) ndikuloleza kavalo vinh quy bai kuti (kubwerera kunyumba kukalipira makolo akale atapeza ulemu wamaphunziro) (Chithunzi 4), chimodzimodzi ndi mabuku thi dinh. Panali zojambula za Henri Oger mu 1908-1909 pofotokoza za udokotala mwamankhwala osankhidwa panthawi ya Nguyen Mzera. Apa, chojambulachi sichikuwonetsa chithunzi cha "Ngựa ông đi trước, võng nường theo sau"(mkwatibwi wachichepere anali atakwera pa palandquin yoyambitsidwa ndi mwamuna wake wokwera pahatchi).
Tikudziwa chifanizo cha madokotala kukhala kunyumba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana, pamene dziko la China adayamba kutsika kotero adangololedwa mbendera, bolodi, kavalo, ndi parasol.
Malo oyeserera
Malo oyeserera anali malo opanda anthu, ozunguliridwa ndi mpanda wa nsungwi; panali nyumba za alonda okhala ndi mbendera kumakona anayi; Kunja kunali ndodo zakuthwa za bamboo kuti asalowe.
Gawo loyeserera linagawidwa m'magawo anayi otchedwa vi (dera laling'ono) ndi mayina anayi osiyanasiyana a maluso: tri, ndowe, tai, luc [trí, dũng, tài, lực] (nzeru, kulimba mtima, wit, mphamvu). Pamaso pa vi iliyonse panali kanyumba kotalika mikono itatu ndipo kali ndi mfuti. Nyumba zokhala alonda zinali ndi makonde oti aziwona malo onse owunikira. Pansipa panali nyumba zofunikira kuti ofuna kupumula apume. Sitikuwona chithunzithunzi cha nyumba zoyesedwa ngati mayeso a masewera andewu koma H. Oger adationetsa chihema choyeserera mayeso a mabuku (Chithunzi 5).
Pomaliza, a uwu uwu [ndi hương] (kuyesedwa kwa boma) idasankhidwa kuti isankhe chiwerengero chokwanira cha oyang'anira masewera andewu.
Komabe, owerengetsa okha ndi omwe adalembetsa tao si [tĩo sĩ] mutu kotero mfumu sinathe kugwira ayi ku [ndi hội] (kuyang'anira mzinda). Chifukwa chake, mayesowo adachitika likulu lokongola [Uwu] kokha. Kuphatikiza apo, kunalibe oweruza okwanira kuyang'anira mayeso. Komanso ena mwa iwo anali ndi magulu ampatuko. Chifukwa chake Tao si [Tĩo sĩ] mayeso anali a mbadwa zachifumu zokha. Mu Binh Dinh [Sungani] ndi Hanoi [Hà Nội], kunalibe mndandanda wa tao si [tĩo sĩ].
Kuyambira pamenepo, thi hoi sakanakhoza kuchitika. Binh Dinh [Sungani] adatchuka ndi mutu wa sukulu yamaluso ya karati ku nsi [cửnhân], tao si [tĩo sĩ].
Ndi ayi [Ndimakonda] zinali zofanana ndi uwu uwu [ndi hương] koma ndi zolemera zosiyanasiyana, ma kilogalamu 66 a thi huong ndi ma kilogalamu 72 a ayi ku [ndi hội]. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunda wolemetsa kulemera kwa thi huong inali pafupi mamita 64 ndi 80 mita ayi ku [ndi hội].
… PITIRIZANI…
BAN TU THU
12 / 2019
ONANI ZINA:
◊ MALO OGWIRITSA NTCHITO NDIPONSO ZOCHULUKA ZA VIETNAM - Gawo 1
◊ MALO OGWIRITSA NTCHITO NDIPONSO ZOCHULUKA ZA VIETNAM - Gawo 3