CHITSANZO CHATSOPANO CHAKUKHALA KWA VIETNAMESE - Gawo 2

Kumenya: 2551

Donny Trương¹
School of Art ku George Mason University

… Ikupitilira gawo 1

MTSOGOLO

    A boma Latin-based Zilembo zaku Vietnam lili ndi zilembo makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi zinayi: makonsonanti khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri ndi mavawelo khumi ndi awiri. Kupatula f, j, wndipo z, zilembo makumi awiri ndi ziwiri zimachokera ku zilembo zachiroma. Makalata asanu ndi awiriwo asinthidwa ă, â, đ, ê, ô, ơndipo ư. Monga Chingerezi, dongosolo lotsatira msonkhano wachialfabeti wachiroma. Makalata okhala ndi zilembo zolemba pamanja amatsatira zilembo zopanda. Mwachitsanzo, a chimayamba ă ndi d chimayamba đ. Zilembo zotsatirazi zimaphunzitsidwa m'masukulu.

MALANGIZO NDI ZIWANDA

     Vietnamese Ili ndi zilembo zambiri zokhala ndi zolemba kuti zilekanitse. Dongosolo la mamvekedwe a mawu Amasiyana, koma ambiri amakhala Nguyễn Đình Hòamsonkhano: kamvekedwe kosadziwika (nga), zovuta (src), zovuta (Huyền), mbedza pamwambapa (chabwino), tilde (nga), Ndi pansi (zolemetsa). Chifukwa diacritics imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakusiyanitsa matani, mavawelo amtundu uliwonse amatenga chilembo chimodzi kapena ziwiri zowonjezera. Zotsatirazi Makalata 134 (chapamwamba ndi chaching'ono) kuwonetsa kuthekera konse kwamadongosolo olemba mu Vietnamese.

MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA

    Monga momwe zilembo zikusonyezera, a Makina aku Vietnamese ntchito zilembo zisanu ndi ziwiri. Anayi apatulira zolemba: ă, â, êndipo ô. Atatu adalumikiza zolemba: đ, ơndipo ư. Chaputalachi chikufotokozeranso zambiri za zilembo zosinthidwa.

LEMBANI Â

    The â ali ndi mozungulira pomwe adalemba a. The-circumflex ikhoza kutenga chowonjezera zovuta ( ấ ), zovuta ( ầ ), mbedza pamwambapa ( ẩ ), tilde ( ẫ ), kapena pansi ( ậ ). Ku Vietnamese, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati chevron amagwiritsidwanso ntchito e ( ê ) ndi o ( ô ).

LEMBANI Đ

    The đ ali ndi mtanda wopingasa kudzera pa ulembo d. The đ ndi koyambirira kokhako. Chovala chapamwamba Đ imakhala ndi bar yopingasa pakatikati pa cap ikulu ya kalata D. Pepala laling'ono đ imakhala ndi malire pakati pa ascender ndi x-kutalika kwa chilembo d.

LEMBANI Ê

    The ê ali ndi mozungulira pomwe adalemba e. E-circumflex imatha kukhala ndi zowonjezera zolimbitsa thupi ( ế ), manda ( ề ), fungatira Pamwamba ( ể ), kusintha ( ễ ), kapena underdot ( ệ ). Ku Vietnamese, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati chevron amagwiritsidwanso ntchito a ( â ) ndi o ( ô ).

LEMBANI Ô

    The ô ali ndi mozungulira pomwe adalemba o. The o-circumflex imatha kukhala chowonjezera ( ố ), manda ( ồ ), fungatira Pamwamba ( ổ ), kusintha ( ỗ ), kapena underdot ( ộ ). Ku Vietnamese, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati chevron amagwiritsidwanso ntchito a ( â ) ndi e ( ê ).

LEMBANI Ơ

    The ơ Ili ndi nyanga yolumikizidwa komanso yolumikizidwa kumanja kwa kalatayo o. Nyanga ya o imatha kukhala pachimake chowonjezera ( ớ ), manda ( ờ ), fungatira Pamwamba ( Inu ), kusintha ( ỡ ), kapena underdot ( ợ ). Ku Vietnamese, lipenga limagwiritsidwanso ntchito u ( ư ).

LEMBANI Ư

    The ư Ili ndi nyanga yolumikizidwa komanso yolumikizidwa kumanja kwa kalatayo u. Nyanga yanu imakhala ndi zowonjezera ( ứ ), manda ( ừ ), fungatira Pamwamba ( ử ), kusintha ( ữ ), kapena underdot ( ự ). Ku Vietnamese, lipenga limagwiritsidwanso ntchito o ( ơ ).

MALATA A NTHAWI

     Vietnamese ndi chilankhulo. Maentensi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza mitundu isanu ndi umodzi: "mlingo"(nga), "wokwiya kwambiri"(sắc), "kutsitsa manda"(huy.n), "kutukuka" hanayankha, "wodukiza"(nga), ndi "wamatama"(nặng). Polemba, kamvekedwe kamodzi kamayimiridwa ngati kosadziwika (a,, zinayi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zolemba mawu a mavawelo ( á, à, iyendipo ã ,, ndipo imodzi imalembedwa ndi kadontho pansi pa chikumbumtima. ạ ). Tiyeni tiwaphwanye awa mamvekedwe a mawu.

ZOSAYAMIKIRA

    Kamvekedwe kosadziwika (nga) ilibe mawu. Phula lake limayambira pakati mpaka pakatikati.

ZOCHITIKA

     An zovuta (dắu sắc) ndi mawu osakira patsogolo omwe amayikidwa m'mavalo a mavawelo: á, é, í, ó, úndipo ý. Pachimake, chomwe chimayambira pansi ndikuchepera ndipo pamwamba kwambiri, chimawonetsa kukwera kwakukulu. Iyenera kukwera pang'ono kumanja kwa machitidwe oyambira ( á ) osagwa. Kuphatikizidwa, kuyenera kuyikidwa momveka bwino kuchokera ku chizindikiro china ( ắ, ấ, ế, ố, ớkapena ứ ).

AAKULU

  A zovuta (dhuu huyền) ndi mawu obwerera mmbuyo oikidwa m'mavalo a mavawelo: à, è, ì, ò, ùndipo ỳ. Manda, omwe amayamba kuchokera kumtunda waukulu ndipo umatha ndi yopapatiza, akuwonetsa kukwera kotsika. Iyenera kuwuka pang'ono kumanzere kwa kakhalidwe ( à ) osagwa. Kuphatikizidwa, kuyenera kuyikidwa momveka bwino kuchokera ku chizindikiro china ( ằ, ầ, ề, ồ, ờkapena ừ ).

HOOK PAMWAMBA

    Chokoleza pamwambapa (dỏu hỏi) ndi chizindikiro cha mawu chofanana ndi chilembo chosafunsa chilichonse choyikidwa pa mavawelo: iye, ẻ, ỉ, ỏ, ủndipo ỷ. Zimangotanthauza kutsika kwapakatikati. Kuphatikizidwa, kuyenera kuyikidwa momveka bwino kuchokera ku chizindikiro china ( ẳ, ẩ, ể, ổ, Inukapena ử ).

ACCENT MARK

    A tilde (dngu ngã) ndi mawu osemedwa pamakondo: ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũkapena ỹ. Chimayimira kukwera kwakukulu. Kuphatikizidwa, kuyenera kuyikidwa momveka bwino kuchokera ku chizindikiro china ( ẵ, ẫ, ễ, ỗ, ỡkapena ữ ).

PANSI

     An pansi (dặu nặng) ndi kadontho komwe kamaikidwa pansi pamavumbo: ạ, ẹ, ị, ọ, ụndipo ỵ. Zimatanthawuza kukwezedwa kotsika ndipo ziyenera kuyikidwa bwino pansi pamunsi.

… Zipitilira gawo 3…

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

ZINDIKIRANI:
1: Za wolemba: Donny Trương ndiwopanga wokonda zolemba ndi ukonde. Adalandira mbuye wake waukadaulo popanga zithunzi kuchokera ku Sukulu ya Art pa George Mason University. Ndiye wolemba wa Professional Web typography.
Words Mawu olimba mtima ndi zithunzi za sepia akhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz

ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊  CHITSANZO CHATSOPANO CHAKUKHALA KWA VIETNAMESE - Gawo 1
◊  CHITSANZO CHATSOPANO CHAKUKHALA KWA VIETNAMESE - Gawo 3
◊ etc.