HA TIEN - Cochinchina
Kumenya: 464
MARCEL BERNANOISE1
Natural and Economic Geography
Tawuni yayikulu yachigawo cha Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên] ali pakhomo lolowera kuphompho, ku Gulf of Siam, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa gombe la Cochin-China, ndi 6km kuchokera kumalire a Cambodian. Phao Dai wakale [Pháo Đài], pafupifupi 1km kuchokera (tsopano asinthidwa kukhala bungalow) nawonso atalandidwa ndi an Aniteite ndi ankhondo aku France. Ndi gawo limodzi labwino kwambiri m'chigawochi, komanso mwayi wofikira magalimoto onse. Paulendo wopita ku Kampot, 3,5O0km kuchokera Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên], ndi mwala wawukulu womwe umadziwika kuti Bonnet poil (a Busby). Gotolo idadulidwa mwala, ndipo yasinthidwa kukhala pagoda, yotchedwa Chua Hang [Chùa Hang], kapena Tien Mwana Lachiwiri [Tiên Sơn Tự]. Izi zimachitika pafupipafupi chifukwa zili pamsewu, makamaka makamaka chifukwa cha ulemu womwe adapereka kwa wansembe woyang'anira. Makilomita anayi kuchokera ku tawuni yayikulu, kulowera kumalire a Cambodia, mwala waukulu, wotchedwa Inu Nai [Mũi Nai], atolowere kulowa munyanja. Nyumba yopepuka ya dzina lomweli yamangidwa pamisonkhano. Ngakhale gombe la Inu Nai [Mũi Nai] wapangidwa ndi mchenga wakuda, umakonda kupezeka chifukwa choyandikira mtawuni yayikulu, komanso chifukwa cha msewu wabwino wopita nawo. Momwe mitsinje yamadzi pafupi ndi tawuni yayikulu imachokera ku akasupe opanda madzi, okhala Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên] sangalephere kukhala kumeneko, madzi abwino akanakhala kuti sanatengeko chifukwa cha luso la munthu. M'malo mwake, m'tawuni yayikulu, nyanja yayikulu, yotchedwa Awo Sen [Ao Sen], amene anakumba mu 1715 ndi Mac Ku Boma la [Mạc Cửu], lidayikidwa moyang'anizana ndi phiri. Nyanjayi, kapena chosungiramo, chosema chochititsa chidwi kwa wopambana wotchuka wa ku China, imadzaza ndimvula yomwe imabwera mwachindunji kapena m'njira yosamveka kuchokera kumapiri, ndipo imapereka, mkati mwa chaka chonse, madzi akumwa oyenera kudya ana. Kumbali ya chosungirachi pali kachisi, ndipo maimuna amachitika kangapo pachaka polemekeza amene adayambitsa ndi womuthandiza m'chigawochi, kugwirizanitsa okhulupirika a chigawocho. 5km kuchokera pa nsapato yayikulu, kumwera, ndiye chigawo cha Honchong [Hòn Chong]. Chigawochi chili ndi gombe labwino, malo owoneka bwino, komanso zozizwitsa, popeza ndichofunika, ndipo ndiyenera kuyendera. The Yembekezerani Tien [Yembekezani Tiền] (kuchuluka kwa ndalama), dzina lomwe limakumbukira za mbiri yakale ya Annamitcs, ndi kotseguka khoma lotseguka kunyanja, ndikudulidwa m'mbali mwa thanthwe lomwe lili pafupi ndi gombe (25km kuchokera ku tawuni yayikulu Hatien [Hà Tiên]). Dera lotereli linali lothawirako kwa kholo lachifumu lachifumu la Nguyen [Nguyễn], Mfumu Gialong [Gia Long], pomwe anali kalonga wopanda pake, wothawathawa, wosakidwa ndi a Ma Taysons [Tây Sơn]. Ndalama zachikale za zinc zosawonongeka zomwe zidapezeka, zimaperekedwa kwa kalonga uyu, yemwe adazipanga kukhala asitikali ake, chifukwa chake dzinali Yembekezerani Tien [Yembekezani Tiền] (kuchuluka kwa ndalama kapena "ndalama").
Pagoda yokhala ndi dzina lachiwiri "Chua Hang”[Chùa Hang] ndi"Mwana Wanga Tu"[Hải Sơn Tự] ndi phokoso lina m'phiri lomwe limatuluka ndi kupanga" slab "chakumalo. M'zilumbazi muli zifaniziro zakale za Bhudda. Pafupifupi iwo adamangidwa ndi akuCambodian, koma pali nthano kuti ntchitoyi imachokera kwa kalonga wina wa ku Siamese, yemwe adakopeka ndi kukongola kwa malowa, zaka mazana angapo zapitazo.
Inakula ndi zitsamba ndi kukondwerera kwa nyama zamtchire, ndipo idasiyidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Pafupifupi zaka 12 zapitazo, wansembe wakale wa Annamite Bhuddist adachichotsa kumtunda kwawoko, ndikuyikhalitsa. Pagoda amakumana ndi wansembe wina wakale wa Annamite, yemwe amachita ntchito kanayi pachaka, kukopa alendo ambiri okhulupirika. Amachitika mu February, March, August ndi Novembala. Grotto-pagoda, 5km, kuchokera kwa omwe atumizidwa Honchong [Hòn Chong], imatheka ndi magalimoto onyamula komanso magalimoto oyendetsa magawo awiri mwa atatu a malo ake. Ili pamalo abwino kwambiri pagombe lokongola kwambiri la mchenga wagolide. Tvo mwamba, wotchedwa Hon Phu Tu [Hòn Phu Lachiwiri] (bambo ndi mwana wamwamuna) omwe ali munyanja, amagwira ntchito ngati zowonera kum'mawa, ndipo amathandizira kupanga, ndi malo otetezedwa, doko laling'ono lotetezedwa kwa oyatsira omwe amatsatira malonda aku Gombe la Siam. M'mphepete mwa Iliyonse, 3km njira kuchokera Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên] kuti Honchong [Hòn Chong], ndiye mtundu wa Mo So grotto, wofanana ndi omwe adapangitsa kuti gombe la Along lizisangalatsidwa. Yagundidwa ndi mafunde zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, pansi pa mapiri a dzina lomweli, ili ndi zipinda zitatu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zili ndi makhoma ozunza, ndipo denga la chipinda chimodzi ndiwokwezeka kwambiri, mwakuti anthu omwe amayang'ana koyamba amagwidwa ndi kusakhazikika.
Zipinda zautali, mainchesi mazana angapo, odulidwa m'matumbo a phirili, amapanga mtundu wina, wolimbikitsa chidwi. Ndikosatheka kulowa muzipinda izi popanda kuwala komanso kalozera, ngati munthu akufuna kuti asasokere. Itha kuchezeredwa ndi pirogue yaying'ono (mtengo) munthawi yamvula, komanso poyenda kumapazi nyengo yachilimwe. Pomaliza, gombe la Bayi Dau [Bãi Dâu], yotchedwa chifukwa chamitengo yamafuta yomwe imamera kumeneko, imodzi mwa magombe abwino kwambiri ku Cochin-China. 20 mpaka 30 mita mulifupi pakati pa nyanja ndi pafupi nkhalango, 2km kutalika, ndi mchenga woyera kwambiri komanso wachikaso, imayang'anizana ndi kukongola kosowa kwambiri komwe kumapangidwa ndi zisumbu zambiri zobiriwira zowazidwa pamwamba pa nyanja. Kuseri kwa gombe, mzere wa ma fillaos umawalekanitsa ndi mseu wonyamula womwe umayenda m'litali mwake, kumapeto kwa unyolo wamiyala yamatabwa Binh Tri [Bình Trị] omwe amapanga gombe lokongola kale, ndikuwonjezeranso mbiri yakukongola kwamtendere koma kwamtendere. Mautumiki angapo makutu amagetsi Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên] ndi Pnom Penh [Phôm Pênh] ndi Chaudoc [Châu Đốc]. Alendo amathanso kuyenda ndi madzi kuchokera ku Chaudoe kupita ku Hatien, kapena kudzera m'mphepete mwa nyanja pa Saigon-Bangkok yomwe imayima Honchong [Chong Hòn], Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên] ndi Phuquoc [Phú Quốc]. Misewu yamakutu yamagalimoto yonse ili ndi chitsulo ndipo amapangika bwino. Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên] amalumikizidwa ndi Kep, Kampot, Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], Takeo ndi Pnom Penh [Phôm Pênh] kudzera pamayendedwe, ndipo chimatsatira kuti munthu wina akuyenda pa njinga yamoto kuchokera Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên] kuti Saigon [Sài Gòn], kenako kumatauni onse apamwamba a Cochin-China.
KUTHANDIZA NDI KUSONYEZA
Chigawo cha Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên] ndi wamapiri komanso odzala ndi nkhalango, ndipo kusaka kungatsatidwe kulikonse. Koma masewera ndi ochulukirapo kumaderalo or Honchong [Hòn Chong] ndi Duong Dong [DhuiPhuquoc [Phú Quốc]). Mbawala, zimbalangondo zakutchire, agwape, njati zamtchire, anyani akuda, mavu, agalu, zanyengo etc. Zimakumana m'nkhalango za Wosangalatsa [Ha Tiên].
Kusodza kukuzungulira kuzilumba, ngati ndi mizere kapena maukonde. Zisumbu zopanga zisumbu za Binh Tri [Bình Trị] ndi awa Phuquoc [Phú Quốc] amadziwika kuti ndiwo malo abwino kwambiri osambirira.
Pali bungalow limodzi mkati Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên], m'tauni ya chiet ku Phao Dai [Pháo Đài] (ili ndi zipinda zinayi zokha). Palibe malo opumulira kunyumba kapena kwa omwe adatumizidwako. Zopeza ndizovuta kupeza poyenda. Ndikofunika kuti muzisenza zakudya zoyenda mukamayenda maulendo ena. Izi zitha kuchitika tsiku limodzi, ndikubwerera, munthu amakhala ndi chitsimikizo cha malo ogona ndi chakudya ku bungalow ku tawuni ya chiet moyang'aniridwa ndi Wosangalatsa [Hà Tiên] chilumba chofunikira cha Phuquoc [Phú Quốc], yayikulu monga Martinique (Mahekitala a 50.000,, ndipo tawuni yake ya chiet yatchedwa Duong Dong [Dương Đông], malo ophera nsomba ofunikira, komanso otchuka ku Indo-China komanso Siam, popanga inu-mam [nước mắm]. Phuquoc [Phú Quốc] wapatsidwa chiphaso cha TSF ku Duong Dong [Dương Đông]. Imafikiridwa ndi woyendetsa Maurice Long, koma Phuquoc [Phú Quốc] alibe bungalow. Nyumba yakomweko ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi omwe akuyenda ngati angalembe nthawi yayitali kwa woyang'anira wamkulu wa chigawo.
BAN Lachiwiri THƯ
1 / 2020
ZINDIKIRANI:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Paint, anabadwira ku Valenciennes - dera lakumpoto kwambiri ku France. Chidule cha moyo ndi ntchito:
+ 1905-1920: Kugwira ntchito ku Indochina komanso kuyang'anira mishoni kwa Kazembe wa Indochina;
+ 1910: Mphunzitsi ku Far East School of France;
+ 1913: Kuwerenga zaluso zachilengedwe komanso kufalitsa zolemba zingapo zaukadaulo;
+ 1920: Anabwerera ku France ndipo anakonza ziwonetsero zaluso ku Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - zojambula za Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, komanso zikumbutso zina ochokera ku Far East;
+ 1922: Akufalitsa mabuku onena za zokongoletsa ku Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Adalandira mphotho yayikulu ku Colonial Exhibition ku Marseille, ndipo adagwirizana ndi wopanga mapulani a Pavillon de l'Indochine kuti apange zinthu zamkati;
+ 1952: Amwalira ali ndi zaka 68 ndipo amasiya zojambula zambiri ndi zithunzi;
+ 2017: Ntchito yake yopenta idayambitsidwa bwino ndi mbadwa zake.
ZOKHUDZA:
"Buku"LA COCHINCHINE”- Anatero Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng ĐứcOfalitsa, Hanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Mawu olimba mtima komanso oyimbidwa a Vietnamese akhazikika mkati mwa zolemba - zolembedwa ndi Ban Tu Thu.
ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ AYO Athu - La Cochinchine
◊ TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA