Hanoi - Mapositi khadi - ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI - Mawu achinsinsi
Kumenya: 350
By Prof Assoc. HUNG NGUYEN MANH1
Hanoi, Wakale Kwambiri - mzinda wakale, tsopano pang'onopang'ono wakhala amakono. Mmodzi zikwi - mbiri "zachikhalidwe" zakale ikhoza kusungidwa m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zakale, zachikhalidwe komanso mbiri yakale kuti izisungidwa ngati chiphokoso. Komabe, zikuwonekeratu kuti chifukwa chosungira makhadi apamwamba, kutalika kwa zipilala ndi misewu yodutsa Zaka zana limodzi Hanoi, yakhalapo ngati mitengo yopanda zinthu zachilengedwe, malinga ndi momwe bungwe lazikhalidwe zakunja limatchulira. Ndi zifanizo zakale za zikhalidwe zamakedzana zamiyala zam'mbuyomu Akoloni achi France in Vietnam. Pofika nthawi yomwe kamera idakhalapo, zithunzi zomwe zatsala, zakhala zikuwonetsa malingaliro akuya zakusintha kwa mbiri ya anthu… Kuyambira nthawi ya Columbus, 15th Zaka zana, zinali pamene Latini Amerika idapezeka, yomwe idatsegulira njira yakukula kwa chitukuko chakuthupi choyambira pamtunda wolemera wambiri zachilengedwe. Chochitikacho chidakumbutsa ofufuza, amishonale, ndi Asitikali aku Europe Gulu lankhondo ... Onse adapita kwa omwe anyalanyazidwa dziko la Asia. Adatchera khutu Vietnam monga poyambira kulowa China bara akulota kumanga atsamunda wolimba ndi wokongola mu mzimu wazachitukuko pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo kukhala, kulamulira madera ambiri padziko lapansi. Zonse mwakamodzi, Vietnam pamodzi ndi Hanoi, Saigon mu Dera la Indochinese anali pachiwonetsero cha neo-coloniaist.
Ndipotu, a Anthu aku Vietnamese anali atasangalatsidwa ndi moyo wotukuka kumadzulo monga momwe wolemba "Chuma chamtundu ndi pambuyo zotsatira za atsamunda aku France ku Vietnam”Anali atanena. Pambuyo pakukhetsa magazi kwambiri ndi mibadwo yambiri Anthu aku Vietnamese idathandizira ku mbiri yakale yomenyera ufulu wadziko. The Anthu aku Vietnamese anali atalandira zomwe chikhalidwe ndi chitukuko kuchokera French anali atachoka!
Nditamva munthu wotchedwa dzina la Hanoi, Ndili ndi lingaliro kuti ndikumveka kuyambira kale kwambiri - zaka masauzande zapitazo, koma kwenikweni dzinalo lidachokera ku Khothi la Hue (malinga ndi lamulo la pa Okutobala 1, 1888 la Dong Khanh Khoti) kuti malo opatulikawo adaperekedwa kwa French. Sizikudziwika kuti Purezidenti waku France anali ndi chifukwa chiti kotero kuti lamulo lidakhazikitsidwa kuti dzinalo lipangidwe?July 19,1888) kuti atenge izi Thang Long ndikusandutsa malo ogulitsira (Julayi, 19, 1888). Ndi miyezo yotukuka yomwe ikupezeka limodzi ndi wakale - mzimu wachikondi, French nthawi yolamulira idasunga mayina amisewu koma awa adamasuliridwa French. Komabe, mayina ena adasinthidwa kukhala mayina atsopano, monga Rue General de Beylite2 m'malo mwa Msewu wa Banana2, Cobanere2 m'malo mwa Msewu wamawonekedwe2, Rue Jean Dupuis2m'malo mwa Mat mseu2.
pamene French anamanga misewu yakumadzulo komanso malo okhala kumene, adayikamo mayina a asitikali, maina a olamulira, omwe mabuku angapo adapitilizabe kufotokoza za momwe anali panthawiyo pomenya nkhondo kumpoto kwa dziko a Paul Doumer3, wolemba bukuli ndi mlatho, womwe dzina lake lidatchulidwa pambuyo pake - the Doumer Bridge. Anthu okhala m'mizinda ya Hanoi kuyambira tsiku lawo lobadwa mpaka pomwe amamwalira ayenera kuti adawoloka mlatho uwu kamodzi. Komanso French adapanganso mawu angapo oyendetsera mayendedwe: Carrefour (yozungulira), Sungani (Sitima yapamtunda), Zojambula zokha (sitima yamagetsi). Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu mkati Hanoi komanso mkati Saigon adayamba kuyankhula French kusakaniza ndi Chi Vietnamese. Mawu ngati tu, inu (inu) kapena “mec xa woyatsa”Kudzudzula,"takumana xi (Zikomo), pousse (kabati yokoka anthu), ulendoé (msika), chemin de fer (njanji), Moto (moto)… Pofika nthawi imeneyo munthu wandakatulo wokhudzidwa ndi nkhawa yemwe anali atapeza mayimbidwe kuti atsegule njira yopita kukondana ndiwotsutsa. Asanatheretu mabuku akale. Mabukuwa anali atakhazikika mu Han (chilankhulo chakale cha China) pomwe idasinthidwa ndi Latin ndi French. Liti Latini Amerika anali atasinthiratu, Indochina anali atasinthana tsiku ndi tsiku pambuyo pake. Zidabwera m'moyo. “Nyimbo zagolide ". Chifukwa chiyani? Zingatheke bwanjiNyimbo zagolide""waswa”Mtima wosungulumwa motero! Chifukwa chiyani idasoka mphukira yachikondi chenicheni, yokondana komanso yopepuka? Chifukwa chiyani zidabweretsanso chikondi chafuko ngati ichi? Ngakhale ndatopa ndi "kumapeto kwa msika potseka"(kutsika kwa) njira yachikale yophunzirira ndi kuyesa ku Nam Dinh yoyendera likulu kumapeto kwa kuphunzira kwachikale kwachi China, kuyang'ana m'misasa ya ovota ndi nsonga zawo zomwe zili ndi gawo lalikulu ndikuzindikira kuti zotsatira zabwino za mayeso sizibweretsa ulemu, wolemba ndakatulo wovuta wa TRAN TE XUONG anayenera kulemba mavesi ena onyoza:
Gulu la osankhidwa oletsedwa akuimirira,
Yemwe amasangalala kupambana mayeso!
Pampando Mkazi wa ku France akutulutsa matako ake,
Pabwalo pansi pake, ma bachelor'itu akukulira.
Mavesi osakhoza kufa omwe analemba "Inalephera"Pamaso pa French kusamukira makina olamulira! Komabe, a Mfumu ya Vietnamese amene wakhala pampando wachifumu wagolide! Kodi anamvetsetsa chisoni chakutha kwa dziko la kwawo?
Ngakhale anayitanidwa Hanoi kuti ndikumbutse - zimawoneka Hanoi anali atawonekera kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, zinali Kutalika Kwambiri zinalikukumbukira zakale”Chonse Anthu aku Vietnamese. Osachepera, Kutalika Kwambiri kuchokera Mzera wachilengedwe wa Ly (XI m'ma) kale inali nyumba yachifumu yokhala ndi makoma oyizungulira, okhala ndi zipata zinayi kuyang'ana kumayendedwe 4: East - West - South - North. Ponena za kapangidwe kake, Kutalika Kwambiri idagawidwa ndi malire ake m'magulu 61 amanja opangidwa mwazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi malonda osiyanasiyana komanso malonda ndi malonda. Koma kuyambira XI mpaka XV century, nthambi zambiri zamanja zidayamba kukhala magulu odziwika bwino mu "kuluka silika ndi satin", Kupanga zadothi, bronze, zodzikongoletsera, joss - zinthu zamapepala,"amphwayi”- rhamnoneuron paper, tissue paper… Panali ma alsotrades omwe amasindikiza zojambula zowerengeka, kupanga mafani, kapena kupanga mpunga vinyo. Mpaka Nthawi yayitali, Magulu 36 anali atakhazikitsidwa motero likulu la mzinda komanso anthu akumatauni amatchulidwa. M'zaka zoyambirira za zana la XX dzinali limadziwika kuti Hanoi, ntchito zamanja zokhazikika zidakopa maso a Phunziro la French Oriental, HENRY OGER, yemwe adayambitsa njira yatsopano yowerengera anthu kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera kuti ajambulitse ndi kuwonetsa pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba matabwa kuti asindikize, omwe amatchedwa Njira Ya Anthu A Nam (Njira zaluso dupeople Anamite)4.
The Msewu wa 36-magulu anali atapangidwa motengera bungwe loyang'anira mabungwe ndi gulu la anthu kapena msewu munthawi yakutali, sichoncho? M'malo mwake, malinga ndi zikalata munyengo ya Hanoi, kuyambira February 2, 1947 mpaka Seputembara 1954, French anali atagawa mkati mwa mzindawo 36 magulu apamsewu. Kuyambira pamenepo, chithunzi cha Hanoi adayamba kusintha kupita kumizinda yamadzulo. Ngakhale mukukumana ndi zosintha zambiri zakale, chithunzicho ndi moyo wa Thang Long masiku ano zasinthidwa mu moyo ndi chikumbumtima cha Anthu aku Vietnamese. Komabe, mawonekedwe a theka la atsamunda ndi theka la anthu wamba, monga olemba ambiri mu Hanoi Ndinkatcha, sakanatha kuyipitsa chithunzi cha chakudya pomwe anthu amakhala moyandama thireyi, kapena zochitika pagombe pa Hanoi.
Mukamawerengera machitidwe a anthu ndi machitidwe a anthu, njira zosiyanasiyanazi zolembedwera anthu kunyamula ana a amayi kapena mlongo zomwe zidalipo panthawi yomwe tikadakonda titasankha monga tikuonera pansipa.
Lero, ndi chilolezo cha magazini Xua & Ayi (Zakale - Magazini Yamakono), tifuna kuwonetsa zifanizo zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zikumbutso kuchokera pa zosonkhanitsa zomwe adaziika French anali atagwiritsa ntchito makamera kujambula. Osati okha anthu a Hanoi sangalalani kuwaona komanso nawonso Anthu aku Vietnamese ndipo anthu ena amawaganizira kuti ndi njira yosaiwalika ya ntchito yolamulira French anali atachita ku tkis yakutali kwa Far East.
◊ Hanoi - POSTCARDS, Fossil Legacies - HANOI, TONKIN - French Indochina - Gawo 1.
zolemba:
1: NGUYEN MANH HUNG - "Chuma Heritages ndi Zotsatira za Akoloni achi France ku Vietnam","Mbiri ya Vietnam mu Modem Nthawi”- Njira yayikulu yophunzitsidwa ku Hong Bang University Mayiko, Osaka University in Japan mu Phunziro la Vietnamese Phunziro. Dr. HUNG anali ataperekanso zokambirana pamaphunzirowa California State University Fullerton - USA, pa Incheon University - Korea, Ecole Orientcle Paris - France ndi ku mayunivesite angapo mu South East Asia (Jipasat, South Asia University).
2: Malinga ndi NGUYEN VAN CHUC - Mtanthauzira wamisewu ku Hanoi - Hanoi Publishing House, 2010, tsamba 10 —13.
3: PAUL DOUMER - Dzina lathunthu JOSEPH ALHNASE DOUMER (1857-1932) General Governor wa Indochina ndi Purezidenti wa France (1931-1932) adasinthidwa ndi Latin ndi French. Liti Latini Amerika anali atasinthiratu, Indochina anali atasinthana tsiku ndi tsiku pambuyo pake. Kenako ndinakhala ndi moyo.
4: Ili ndiye lingaliro la Gwirizanani ndi Doctor Degree mu Mbiri wa wolemba NGUYEN MANH HUNG. Adathandizira pa ntchito yake kuti iwunikire zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimabisala kosatha m'nyumba yazobisamo yomwe idabisamo Laibulale Yadziko Lonse in Hanoi ndi Laibulale ya Archaeology (pamaso pa 1975) Saigon, yomwe idawonedwa ngati chuma chobisa diso kunkhondo. Tifalitsa mabuku awiri osiyana a Njira Ya An Nam. (Njira ya anthu a Anamite) pofika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe).
BAN TU THU
08 / 2020
zolemba:
Gwero: HANOI, POSTCARDS - Fossilized Heritages, Prof. Assoc. Dr. en Mbiri HUNG NGUYEN MANH & Wosonkhanitsa, Master TRUC MWANA NGUYEN PHAN, Ofalitsa a Hong Duc, Hanoi, 2015.
Text Malembo onse ndi zithunzi zomwe zidasanjidwa zidakhazikitsidwa ndi BAN TU THU - adhanso.biz.