SOC TRANG - Cochinchina
Kumenya: 514
MARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. Geography Yakuthupi
Chigawochi ndi gawo lachigawo chachikulu chomwe chili Lower Cochin-China. Dothi ndilofanana lathyathyathya, nthaka yayitali kwambiri yopanda mikono 2 kuposa nyanja. Kumbali inayo, kuli mabowo ambiri, makamaka kuseri kwa ma dunes omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya East, komanso kumadzulo, m'malire a Rachgia [Rạch Giá] ndi Cantho [Cần Thơ], pomwe nthaka ili pansi pa nyanja. Nthawi yamvula, chigawo chapakati chimasefukira. Mwamwayi, monotony yofananira iyi imasweka pano ndi apo ndi "zipsinjo" zowoneka bwino zopangidwa ndi msipu womwe umakula pa giongs, mabwalo amchenga amiyala yakale yomwe imakwezedwa pamwamba pa mapiri ozungulira, yokutidwa ndi mitengo yayikulu ndi bamboo. Izi giongs amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokhalamo. Dothi ndilophuka. Pali malo ena onse a Argil (dongo) yosakanikirana ndi mchenga komanso malo okuta yokutidwa ndi masentimita angapo. Pamtunda wofananira uwu, mabedi amadzi am'madzi amaponderezedwa m'nthaka, momwe mvula imagwirira ndikusonkhana pansi pamafunde; Madziwo atasefukira, madziwo amakhala pansi.
MALO
Akuluakulu aboma adakonzanso kukonza kwa ngalande zomwe zadutsa madera omwe zidutsamo, ndikusintha madera omwe adadzaza, opanda thanzi, achidwi, kukhala magawo achonde ndi ambiri. Chuma cha chigawochi chakula kwambiri m'zaka 20 zapitazi, chifukwa cha ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya ma canaries. Magalimoto akuchulukirachulukira kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa misewu iyi. Mabwato ndi njira zomwe zinali njira zakale zoyendetsedwera m'malo mwa magalimoto. Mu 1920 mudali magalimoto okwana 54 mchigawochi, tsopano alipo 112 ndipo awa akuwonjezeredwa mosalekeza. Kupatula njira izi, pali njira zolumikizirana ndi madzi pakati pa chigawo ndi Saigon [Sài Gòn] ndi Cambodia. Ndikupangira sabata kuti pali mauthenga a “Mauthenga akumasamba” omwe amayambitsidwa pakati Saigon [Sài Gòn] ndi Dai Nga [Đại Ngãi], akuyitanitsa mytho [Mỹ Tho], Vinhlong [Bwanji Long], Sadeki [Sa Đéc], Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], Longxuyen [Long Xuyên] ndi Cantho [Cần Thơ]. Palinso ntchito yokhazikitsidwa ndi China yokweza okwera ndi katundu kuchokera:
- Soctrang [Sóc Trăng] kuti Rachgia [Rạch Giá];
- Soctrang [Sóc Trăng] kuti Phom Penh [Pnôm Pênh], akuyitanitsa Cantho [Cần Thơ] ndi Chaudoc [Chau Đốc].
II. Gawo Loyang'anira
Chigawochi chimayang'aniridwa ndi woyang'anira yemwe amawongolera ntchito zandale komanso zoyendetsa boma ndipo amakhala ndi wothandizira. Pali bwalo lamilandu lachiyimili loyang'anira ndi majaji atatu, othandizidwa ndi Kalonga wa Khothi, ndi alembi awiri othandizira. Pali gulu lankhondo Soctrang [Sóc Trăng], ndi kampani ya 1st Gulu la Annamite sharpshooters. Pali wowongolera miyambo ndikuwonetsa ndi owongolera awiri, komanso woyang'anira mabwalo ku Baixau. Sukulu (koleji yophunzitsira anthu) mumzinda waukulu umatsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa, yemwenso amayang'anira masukulu ena mkatikati mwa chigawo. Akaunti amawongolera chuma. Chigawochi chagawika m'magawo 4 oyang'anira, omwe amalamulidwa ndi Phus [Phủ] kapena Huyens [Huyện], omwe ndi nthumwi za kazembe wa chigawochi. Pali migodi 12 ndi midzi 80. M'tawuni yayikulu muli chipatala cha Sista "de la Providence de Portieux", chothandizidwa ndi chigawo, komanso masukulu awiri (Maphunziro a malangizo apagulu), imodzi ya anyamata, ndipo ina ya atsikana, Sukulu zoyambira zatsegulidwa m'midzi yambiri. Makonzedwe oyera aukhondo alipo kale kapena atsala pang'ono kukhazikitsidwa m'malo onse ofunikira. Kupereka zida, zida ndi zida zophunzitsira anthu ndi chithandizo chachipatala posachedwa kumalizidwa.
KULAMBIRA
Chiwerengero cha anthuchigawo chikuwonjezeka kwambiri pazaka 20 zapitazi. Kuchulukaku sikubwera kokha chifukwa chowonjezera kubadwa kwa ana ophedwa, komanso, chifukwa cha kusamukira kwakukulu, chifukwa chakutukuka kwachuma m'dziko lotsatira pomanga ngalande. Mu 1894 chiwerengerochi chinaphatikizapo ma Annamites 57.000, Achinodi 38.000, Achin Chinese 10.000, Achizungu 60, anthu onse okhala ku 105.000. Pakadali pano pali: Annamites a 117.000, ma Cambodiya 55.000, 11.000 Chinese, 2.500 Minh Huong [Minh Hương] ndi azungu 164 ku Europe, onse okhala 185.000. Ambiri a Annamite ndi alimi. Pali anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi minda yomwe adapeza minda yayikulu yomwe amalima. Ma Chines, nthawi zambiri amakhala Soctrang [Sóc Trăng], ndi ambiri komanso olemera. Ali ndi malo okhala, zopangira macheka, komanso nyumba zambiri zamabizinesi. Ambiri amakhala ndi minda ya mpunga.
III. Economical Yachuma
Chigawo cha Soctrang [Sóc Trăng] ali ndi malo a mahekitala 238.000 ndipo gawo lirilonse lagwiritsidwapo ntchito, ndipo ali pafupifupi olimidwa mpunga. Zokolola zimafikira pafupifupi matani 260.000, pomwe 80.000 ndi omwe amasungidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito komweko komanso kufesa. Ndalama zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi matani a 180.000, chikhale gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a Cochin-China. Pali atsamunda pafupifupi 5.000 aku France. Ndimalakwitsa, a MM Gressier ndi Labaste ndimagwiritsa ntchito mahekitala oposa XNUMX (pafupifupi ma maekala 12.500).
KUSINTHA
Pali makina awiri odulira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthunzi, amodzi mwa omwe ndi a M. Gressier: ali pakati pakumwera kwake amatha kuthira matani 150 a mpunga woyera tsiku lililonse.
BAN Lachiwiri THƯ
1 / 2020
ZINDIKIRANI:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Paint, anabadwira ku Valenciennes - dera lakumpoto kwambiri ku France. Chidule cha moyo ndi ntchito:
+ 1905-1920: Kugwira ntchito ku Indochina komanso kuyang'anira mishoni kwa Kazembe wa Indochina;
+ 1910: Mphunzitsi ku Far East School of France;
+ 1913: Kuwerenga zaluso zachilengedwe komanso kufalitsa zolemba zingapo zaukadaulo;
+ 1920: Anabwerera ku France ndipo anakonza ziwonetsero zaluso ku Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - zojambula za Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, komanso zikumbutso zina ochokera ku Far East;
+ 1922: Akufalitsa mabuku onena za zokongoletsa ku Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Adalandira mphotho yayikulu ku Colonial Exhibition ku Marseille, ndipo adagwirizana ndi wopanga mapulani a Pavillon de l'Indochine kuti apange zinthu zamkati;
+ 1952: Amwalira ali ndi zaka 68 ndipo amasiya zojambula zambiri ndi zithunzi;
+ 2017: Ntchito yake yopenta idayambitsidwa bwino ndi mbadwa zake.
ZOKHUDZA:
"Buku"LA COCHINCHINE”- Anatero Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng ĐứcOfalitsa, Hanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Mawu olimba mtima komanso oyimbidwa a Vietnamese akhazikika mkati mwa zolemba - zolembedwa ndi Ban Tu Thu.
ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ AYO Athu - La Cochinchine
◊ TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA