MALO OGULITSA - Gawo 1
Kumenya: 393
HUNG NGUYEN MANH 1
Mkulu Confucian pa Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano cha Lunar
Tikuwona mkulu Confucian akugwada pansi kuti alembe Mipukutu ya Tết. Pamaso pake pali munthu wamba, mwina kasitomala wake, ataima pafupi ndi bambo wina, yemwe amangodutsa amene akuima kaye kuti ayang'ane mpukutuwo.
Chithunzichi chimatikumbutsa za zochitika zofananira pafupifupi theka la zaka zapitazo. Pachaka, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa XNUMX, akulu achi Confucians ovala zovala zakuda zachikhalidwe ndi nduwira ndi magalasi amaso nthawi zambiri amawoneka m'nyumba zazing'ono pamisika ya Tet, akulemba mipukutu kwa ogula.
Amakonda kutumiza bolodi yokhala ndi zilembo zazikulu ziwiri zaku China "Mipukutu Yamasika" pakhomo la nyumba. Zida zake zogwiritsa ntchito zinkangokhala ndi thireyi, maburashi ena, mbale ya inki yaku China, komanso mulu wa pepala ofiira kapena lalanje. Zolemba za Calligraphic zinali zitapangidwa kale pamipukutuyo. Ogulawo adangoyitanitsa m'mashopu kuti awone mipukutuyo ndikusankha zomwe akuganiza kuti ndizoyenera maguwa awo opembedzera, malo omwe amapembedzeramo zinthu ndi zinthu, makolo awo kapena malo ogulitsira. Akuluakulu a Confucius sanataye nthawi, koma anangotenga burashi ndikilowetsa mu inki kenako ndikulemba zolembedwazo za zilembo zaku China ndikulipira awiri hyo (Chigogero cha ndalama zaku Vietnamese) kwa aliyense mipukutu.
Ngati mipukutuyo ikanayikidwa pachipata, Zolembedwa zitha kuwerengedwa motere:
"Mpweya wabwino kwambiri uli pafupi kulowa.
Malo okongola kwambiri ndi mwezi woyamba pachaka."
Zikadakhala kuti mipukutuyo ikapachikidwa pakhonde, zolembedwazo zidakhala:
"Salangane amalengeza uthenga wabwino pachipata.
Golden oriole imakomera kufika kwa kasupe kulikonse. "
Kapena mpukutu wina ungawerenge:
"Pamaso pa bwalo: Bambo bambo amauza mawu amtendere.
Mbali zonse ziwiri za chipata: Apurikoti amatulutsa maluwa okongola. "
Ngati mipukutuyo ikanayikidwa pazipilala ziwiri za nyumbayo, mkulu Confucian amalemba zolemba zotchuka motere:
"Kumwamba kumawonjezeredwa ndi zaka ndi miyezi, ndi amuna okhala ndi moyo wautali.
Kasupe akupambana kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, ndi chisangalalo panyumba. "
Kapena:
"Chaka Chatsopano chimabwera ndi chisangalalo mazana.
Masiku a kasupe amawona zabwino zambiri"
Ngati mipukutuyo ikanapachikidwa mbali zonse za guwa la makolo, nthawi zambiri ankayamika ntchito zabwino ndi zabwino za makolo akale, zomwe zotsatira zake zinali zabwino kwa mbadwa:
"Phiri lalitali silimayerekezeka ndi chisomo chobala.
Nyanja lotseguka ndi yomwe ili kumbuyo kwambiri kwa chisamaliro chowolowa manja polera. "
Kapena:
"Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ana opembedza ndi othokoza adzakhalapo.
Mbadwo wina uliwonse, cholowa cha makolo chidzakhalabe chosasinthika. "
Kapena:
"Chifukwa cha ntchito za makolo ndi ukoma: Zaka zikwizikwi zidzakhala bwino.
Kuchokera mu kudekha ndi kuwopa kwa mbadwa: Makamu a anthu adzakhala okondwa. "
Tiwerenge ndime yolembedwa ndi French ku Indochina mlungu uliwonse mu 1942 2
"...Osauka a Confucius adachita lendi masiku 10 Tet asanayende pamsewu kapena pabwalo kutsogolo kwa nyumba kapena ngodya ya msewu… Amalemba inki yagolide kapena silvery zilembo zaku China pamapukutu ofiira kuti apeze ndalama zochepa. Ngati pakhala maliro mchaka chatha, mabanja omwe aferedwa amafunsa mipukutu yachikaso kapena yobiriwira. Zokopeka izi zidalimbikitsa anthu kuti awononge ndalama zina pogula mipukutu yokongoletsa zipata za nyumba zawo, zipilala zawo komanso pansi ... kapena pamakoma. Ngakhale kuti Confucianism kunalibenso, a Confucian anali kuwonekabe mu jekete zotha ntchito za thonje, akunjenjemera ndi kuzizira atakhala pakachidutswa kakang'ono kuti alembe zilembo zomaliza zachi China ...".
Mipukutu Yofiira - Mtundu Wolemba Kummawa
"Nyama yamafuta, masikono otola, mipukutu yofiira,.
Tết pole, zingwe zomenyera moto, makeke obiriwira"
Kupatula kukonza ndi kukongoletsa nyumba yake, kugula zopereka za guwa lake, ngakhale munthu wosauka kwambiri sangaiwale kupita kumsika kapena kunsewu kuti akapeze mpukutu wokhala ndi zilembo zazikulu, mipukutu yochepa yokhala ndi zilembo zosindikizidwa, zolembedwa pamanja kapena zolembedwa pa nsungwi monga tafotokozazi.
Pali anthu omwe amagula mapepala ofiira ndikupempha aphunzitsi akumudzi kuti alembe nawo. Ena amatha kufunsa akatswiri kuti alembe papepala lofiira kapena silika - zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa akatswiriwo sizikhala ndi mawu oti angapereke kwa aliyense. Olemera ambiri osafotokozedwa omwe angathe kugula mipukutu yokongoletsa kwambiri yofananira sangathe kulandira kalata iliyonse kuchokera kwa iwo. Ngakhale atha kupeza makalata awa, awa ndi awa mabuku achabechabe (mabuku achikwama).
Kumene unganamizire mipukutu yofiira? Pa khoma, mbali zonse za guwa, pachipata kapena pazipilala za nyumbayo monga zikuwonekera pachithunzipa (Firiji.1). "Maluwa amatembenukira dzuwa lotsatira masika". Mipukutu yofiira imaphatikizidwa osati m'malo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa komanso m'makola a nkhumba, zolembera za njati. Henri Oger Amati iwonso amawonekera pamadzi oyambira (Firiji.2).
Kumwera, mipukutu yofiyira itatu zaphikidwa mnyumba komanso wachinayi m'khichini. Makumi ena amasungidwa mitengo yazipatso m'munda wa zipatso. Ngakhale ngolo za ng'ombe, zonyamula ma njati ndizokongoletsedwa, osanena za chitsime ndi nkhumba. Makamaka, mavwende amadzi pa guwa amakongoletsedwanso, koma zilembo zokhala ndi mapepala ofiira ngati awa nthawi zina sizikuimira maubwenzi enieni ofanana.
Osati olemera okha komanso osauka amasangalala ndi mipukutu yofiira. Nanga bwanji za pagoda? Amakongoletsanso kwambiri. Pachithunzichi, chitseko chachikunja chimatsalira kuti tiwone mbali imodzi yofananira (Firiji.1).
"Mtunduwo ndi wakale koma mzati watsopano"
Mipukutu yofiira zalembedwa m'Chitchaina komanso ku Nôm (kapena mawu osokoneza bongo). Amawululira za mwini nyumba mokhudzana ndi moyo, kasupe, nthawi zina amatanthauza kusintha kwachilengedwe, nthawi zina amatanthauzira tanthauzo la nzeru ngati mtengo.
Anthu ena amatero chimodzimodzi mipukutu ndimtundu wolemba zakale waku Eastern, wopukutidwa, wowoneka bwino komanso nthawi zina waluso kwambiri. Mipukutu yofiira imafotokoza kukoma kwapadera kwa Zikondwerero za ku Tết zaku Vietnam. Adakhala mwambo waku Vietnamese.
Mukamalankhula Lũ LiĐìn, anthu amakumbukira ndakatulo iyi "Wophunzira Confucian".
Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, mutu wa ndakatulo iyi udawunikiratu owalemba mawu Bùi Xuân Phái kupanga collage yake yotchuka yoyimira Lũ LiĐìnWophunzira Confucian. Mu 1974, ndikusilira kolowera adati Lũ LiĐìn M'malo mwake, adauziridwa ndi iye kulemba ndakatulo yotsatirayi:
"Akamakondanso utoto, mtima wake umadzaza ndi mawu a ndakatulo.
Moyo wonse wam'mbuyo umawerengera "Confucian Scholar".
Ma vesi atatu adapanga gwero la kukumbukira.
Mapepala ochepa akadali ndi mapiko kumaloto.
Kamvekedwe ndi mitundu ya misozi yakale sizikumbukirabe.
Zithunzizi zimapangitsa kuti chikondi chakale chikule.
O! cholembera ndi inki Ophunzira za Confucian zaka masauzande zapitazo.
Kodi mkwiyo wanu wasintha tsopano ".
Ndakatulo yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa idalembedwa pomwe wandakatulo anali ndi zaka 23 zokha ndipo anali ndi cholinga choti ajambulitse chithunzi chomaliza cha wophunzira wa Confucius (bambo ake a wolemba ndakatulo). Lũ LiĐìn wolemba ndakatulo adabadwa pa Novembala 12, 1913, ku Châu Khê Village, Chigawo cha Bình Giang, Hai Duong chigawo. Pambuyo pake, adatsata banja lake ndikukakhala ku Hanoi ndipo amakhala ku The Hàng Bạc (msewu wamasiliva). Lũ LiĐìn adachita maphunziro a Bachelor of Laws ndipo adatenga nawo gawo lotha kusintha m'masiku oyamba omenyera ufulu wothana ndi French, ndipo anali wogwira nawo ntchito m'mabuku ndi Arts Association of the Third Interzone. Buku lotchedwa "Vietnamese Poets" lili ndi ndemanga yotsatira pa ndakatulo yosatha iyi: "Kwa munthu amene amatenga mawu olemba, cholinga chake chimakwaniritsidwa polemba ndakatulo yosawonongeka.
Tikutanthauza kuti ndakatulo yonga moyo imeneyi ikwanira kuti amene adalemba nayo akumbukiridwe pambuyo pake. "
Mu 1953 ndakatulo Lũ LiĐìn adabwerera ku Haø Noäi ndipo adagwira ntchito ya Boardbook Developmenting Board ku Ministry of Education ndipo anali membala wa Le Quý Đôn Cultural Group yomwe inalemba "Mbiri Yachidule ya Zolemba za Vietnamese". Nthawi yomweyo anali atathandizira kutanthauzira kwa "Mphatso ya Hoàng ViệtNdipo anali mlembi wamkulu wa "Mpandamachokero Pulogalamu ya Vietnamese ndi ndakatulo”Vol.4. Anaphunzitsanso ku Yunivesite ya Pedagogy ndipo anali mkulu wa dipatimenti yolankhula Chifulenchi.
Kuweruza ulemu wake ndi ntchito, Nostalgic, Hoài Chan kuyambira zaka makumi matanhatu zapitazo adalemba kuti: "Kuyambira pamene ndakatulo zatsopano zidalowa m'moyo, tidawona kukhalapo kwa Lũ LiĐìnndakatulo zomwe zatulutsidwa mosasamala zingapo. Anayimbanso nyimbo zotamanda monga zakatulo zonse nthawi imeneyo. Koma kudzoza kwake kwakukulu kunaphatikizapo kudzipereka kwake ndi kukonda kwake zinthu zakale. Adawamvera chisoni anthu omwe adagwa, amakumbukira zochitika zakale ndi abwenzi".
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi nkhawa kuyambira ali ndi zaka 3 ndipo amakhala ndi bambo ake akhungu komanso mayi wosauka, yemwe amayenera kudyetsa mwamuna wake ndi mwana komanso matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zochitika mdziko lapansi komanso chikhalidwe chofala cha anthu, nthawi zonse amakhala akutigwira malingaliro a ndakatulo.
Anthu amafotokoza kuti tsiku lina mu 1973, pochokera Mwana Tay ku Hà Nội, wolemba ndakatulo anali atayimirira ku The Chifukwa mlatho kufunsa za mbiri yakale. Kukhudzidwa ndi moyo wachidule wa wolemba nyimbo wosauka yemwe wamwalira pa mlatho (adagwira chimfine ndikubwerera usiku), wolemba ndakatulo adalemba ndakatulo iyi ndikusiyira pagawo laling'ono lomwe anthu am'mudzimo apanga kuti apembedze mzimu wakufa wa nyimbo:
“Pakubwerera ku Hanoi, wina ayenera kuwoloka Chifukwa mlatho
Mtima umakhala wachisoni pomvera nkhani yakale yanyimbo yakufa yopumira.
Yemwe adaledzera phwando lausiku ndikugwetsa agulu anyumba.
Chisanu ndi mvula zinali zitagwera wolemba nyimbo wosauka.
Zovala zake zopyapyala sizimaletsa kuzizira.
Ndipo moyo wazokwera ndi zotsika udatha monga duwa lakugwa.
Tiyerekeze kuti Nguyen Du akadali ndi cholembera cham'mbuyo.
Ndakatulo zina zowonjezera pamtima zitha kulembedwabe ”
Anzake apamtima a ndakatuloyi akufotokoza za iye chithunzi chomwe chidawonekera chaka chilichonse panthawi yachisangalalo pa Chaka Chatsopano, Lũ LiĐìn anatuluka, atanyamula chikwama chaching'ono chomwe anali ndi chakudya cha Tết chogawika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kukaona azungu, malo okwerera basi kufunafuna achikulire kapena anyamata achichepere omwe angafunike chakudya kuti apereke moni nthawi yachilimwe.
Ndakatulo Lũ LiĐìn anamwalira pa Januware 18,1996 ndipo analibe mwayi wowona ntchitoyiNdakatulo za Lũ LiĐìnZidzasindikizidwa ndi Văn Hoa (Culture) Nyumba Yosindikiza3.
… Ikupitilira gawo 2…
ZINDIKIRANI:
1 Gwirizanani ndi Pulofesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
2 G. PISIER - L'esprit des Annamites et le Tết (Miyoyo ya tchuthi cha Annamese ndi Tết) ikuwonetsedwa sabata iliyonse Indochina, February, 12, 1942, p.15.
3 Malinga ndi nkhani ya TRẦN VĂN MỸ: "VŨ ĐÌNH LIÊN - wolemba ndakatulo waluso, munthu wamkulu" Hà Nội Today Review, wowonjezera nambala 26 - June 1996 - pp 53 ~ 55.
BAN TU THU
01 / 2020
ZINDIKIRANI:
Chitsime: Chaka Chatsopano cha Vietnamese cha ku Vietnamese - Chikondwerero chachikulu - Asso. Prof HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
Images Zithunzi zolimba mtima komanso sepia zakhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz
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