ITHA NINH - Cochinchina

Kumenya: 440

MARCEL BERNANOISE¹

Ine

    Chigawo cha Tayninh [Tây Ninhali ndi malo okongola pafupifupi mahekitala 450.000, ndipo amamangidwa kumpoto ndi kumadzulo ndi Cambodia, kumwera ndi zigawo za Giadinh [Gia Định], Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] ndi Tanani [Tan An] ndi kum'maŵa ndi Saigon [Sài Gòn] mtsinje. Nthaka yawonongeka kamodzi kokha, phiri lotchedwa "Nui Ba Den"[inu Bà Đen], 1.000 metres kukwera, malo apamwamba kwambiri ku Cochin-China.

ZOKHUDZA

     Njira zamadzi m'chigawochi ndi Saigon [Sài Gòn] mtsinje [Vàm Cỏ] Mtsinje ndi mabungwe ake, Akuluakulu ake ndi mitsinje (rach) Kayi Bac [Cai Bạc], So Om [So Om], ndi Tayninh [Tây Ninh]. Njira zamadzi izi zimalola maboti a toni tating'ono kuti ayende kutali Onani Pita [LI Pita] pamtsinje Kayi Bac [Cai Bạc], komanso Ben Kuyi [Bến Củi] pa Saigon [Sài Gòn] mtsinje.

NJIRA ZA KULUMIRA

     Tayninh [Tây Ninh] imatumizidwa ndi mauthenga ndi madzi ndi ntchito yokhazikitsa ziwiri pamwezi Tayninh [Tây Ninh] ndi Saigon [Sài Gòn]. Popitilira magalimoto ambiri oyenda m'misewu kuchokera Tayninh [Tây Ninh] kwa Saigon [Sài Gòn], ndikuyitanitsa Mulunguauha [Gò Dầu Hạ] ndi Zamgululi [Trảng Bang]. Mayendedwe ake ali ndi:

     Misewu iwiri:

1. kuchokera Tayninh [Tây Ninh] kwa Saigon [Sài Gòn], yomwe, njira yakumaloko 12, yopitilizidwa ndi njira yachikoloni 1, imagwira ntchito m'malo a Zamgululi [Trảng Bang] ndi Mulunguauha [Gò Dầu Hạ]. Tayninh [Tây Ninhndi 99 km, Zamgululi [Trảng Bang] 49 km ndi Mulunguauha [Gò Dầu Hạ] 60 km kuchokera Saigon [Sài Gòn] m'njira Saigon-Pnom Penh [Sài Gòn-Pnôm Chokhale];
2. Pali njira ziwiri zotsogolera Pnom Penh [Pnôm Pênh], njira yachikoloni 1 ikudutsa Mulunguauha [Gò Dầu Hạ], ndi njira yakomweko 13 kuchokera Tayninh [Tây Ninh] zomwe, Soairieng [Soài Riêng], kujowina njira yachikoloni 1 yopita Pnom Penh [Pnôm Pênh]. Kuti achoke m'chigawo chilichonse, aliyense ayenera kudutsa boti, koma posachedwa ndi izi;
3. Njira ina imachokera Tayninh [Tây Ninh] kwa Kedoi [Kẻ Đôi], mudzi womwe uli kumapeto kwa Nui Ba Den [inu Bà Đen], 15 km kuchokera Tayninh [Tây Ninh]. Njirayi igawanitsa:

a) njira, 8.700 km mulitali, kumka kumapeto kwa phirilo, komwe msewu wapansi umakupititsani ku ma pagodas komwe mungapeze "Namwali Wamdima", Chinthu chomwe ndimakonda kupita paulendo;

b) m'njira yanjira yomanga, yotsatiridwa ndi njira yopita kumsonkhano wa Nui Ba Den [inu Bà Đen];

    4. Njira yakomweko 13, yomwe ikuchokera Tayninh [Tây Ninh] kwa Saigon [Sài Gòn] mtsinje, ndipo kuyambira tsopano ndikupitilirabe dera la Thudaumot [Thủ Đầu Một], zokongola kwambiri, monganso njira yopita Soairieng [Soài Riêng], mwanjira yodutsa nkhalango yodzaza ndi masewera;

    5. Njira, 15 km kutalika, kuchokera Zamgululi [Trảng Bang] kwa Bungbinh [Bùng Binh], komwe kudali nyengo yadzuwa, pali nyimbo yonyamula ngolo, yodumphira m'mphepete mwa Saigon [Sài Gòn] mtsinje;

    6. Njira, 1 km pamtunda wa Zamgululi [Trảng Bang], kulumikiza njira yachikoloni 1, ndi njira za Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn].

Kupatula njira zazikuluzikuluzi, chigawo chili ndi:

    a) njira yopita Ndi Vinh [Xóm Vinh],, yopakidwa pafupifupi 4 km kokha, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalimoto oyenda nthawi yadzuwa, njira yodutsa m'chigawo cha masewera ndikupangitsa wina kuti ayendere nsanja ya Tith Mat [Chột Mắt];

    b) Gulu la Thanhdien [Thanh Dien] njira yapafupi ndi yomwe ili ndi pagoda yokhala ndi zifanizo zakale.

II. Gawo Loyang'anira

KULIMBITSA KWA GENERAL

    Tayninh [Tây Ninh], yomwe inali kokha (Phu) ya chigawo cha Giadinh [Gia Định], pansi pa boma la Annamite, adapangidwa chigawo pa Epulo 14^th 1862 ndi Admiral BONNARD. Chigawo chino chagawika pawiri. Thaibinh [mwamtendere] ndi Zamgululi [Trảng Bang]; woyamba amakhala ndi bungwe lakuchipatala moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, ndipo wachiwiri amakhala ndi dokotala woyang'anira.

KULAMBIRA

    Lokhala ndi anthu 93.000 okha, chigawochi mulibe malo ofunikira kupatula tawuni yayikulu, Zamgululi [Trảng Bang] ndi Mulunguauha [Gò Dầu Hạ], zomwe 100, 50 ndi 78 km kuchokera Saigon [Sài Gòn]. Chiwerengerochi chimapangidwa motere:

    Annamites: 80707, Cambodians: 9457, Cham: 1110, Chins: 781, Minh Huong: 377, Azungu: 87, Amwenye: 31; Zambiri: 92550.

III. Zojambula Zamasewera

     Palibe bizinesi yofunika yomwe idapangidwapo. Chuma chachikulu cha chigawochi chimakhala ulimi ndi kusaka.

    Aliyense amene akufuna kuti athetse minda ndikuthandizira popanga zokolola, atha kupeza zambiri zokhudzana ndi kulima kwa hevea (mphira) chomera, nzimbe, mapiri (mtedza), komanso kapangidwe ka indiarubber, kuyenga kwa shuga ndi mafuta a mtedza. Akhozanso kupanga malingaliro azinthu zachigawo zokhudzana ndi nkhuni zamatabwa ndi matabwa opala matabwa.

FAUNA NDI FLORA

     Popanda kupita tsatanetsatane wa tsatanetsatane, chidwi chikuyenera kukokedwa ku mitundu ya mitundu yomwe imakumana nayo kulikonse. Tizilombo touluka, abuluzi, makoswe, agwape, zokutira, mbalame zilipo zochuluka pano, zomwe zimayenera kutchulidwa ndi akambuku achifumu, mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya chipembere, ndi agologolo osiyanasiyana. Mwa mbalame zimapezeka calao kapena lipenga la nyanga ndi chiwombankhanga. Pakati pa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tacicindcla (kachikumbu) ndi scarabs, ndi omwe amadziwika ndi dzina la "Coq des Bois"Omwe, ndi maonekedwe oyera oyera amaoneka ngati duwa.

    Ponena za Flora izi zimayimiriridwa makamaka ndi mitundu yambiri ya ma fern ndi mitundu yambiri ya maluwa.

IV. Mbiri

   Zolemba zikuluzikulu zili ndi vuto lililonse pokhazikitsa mbiri yodalirika.

    Ku Towards 1850, Annamite mandarin HUYNH DUONG GIANG [Huỳnh ĐĐ], yemwe anali wolamulira chigawochi, adawukiridwa ndi anthu aku Cambodian. Poganizira kukana kwake kwachabe, iye, komanso wonama wake Chanh Tong [Chánh Tổng], adadzipha. A pagoda adakhazikitsidwa kuti azimukumbukira Tra Vong [Trà Vông], ndipo kumeneko, mwambo wokumbukira umachitika chaka chilichonse. Pakadali pano Annamite wa ku Annam, dzina lake DANG VAN DUA [Đặng Văn Đua], adakhazikika kum'mwera kwa chigawo, ndipo adakhazikitsa Zamgululi [Trảng Bang], pomwe kachisi wamangidwa kuti aziwakumbukira. Panthawi yogonjetsedwa ku France, mandarin a Tayninh [Tây Ninh], yotchedwa KHAM TAN TUONG [Khâm Tấn Tường], pokana kugonjera, adathawira ku Phu An Pitani [pa Phú An] (mudzi ku Hao Duoc [Hào ĐưĐc]) ndipo adasonkhanitsa angapo ogwiritsira ntchito. Anabalalika mosatekeseka, ndipo kugonja kwawo komwe kumayenderana ndi kuphedwa kwa Kham Tan Tuong mu 1860, kunali kutha kwa kukana kwa Annamite.

    A Cambodians pansi pa Champa, adatenga mundawo ndikuwatsogolera Tayninh [Tây Ninh], ndipo pa 7 Juni 1566 at Truong Voi [Chingwe] adakumana ndi asitikali aku France, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti a LERCLAUSE atayika komanso wonyezera LESAGE, komanso a 8 NCO ndi asitikali. Kulimbikitsanso kunatumizidwa pambuyo pa nkhondoyi, motsogozedwa ndi Lt. Colonel MARCHAISE. Chibwenzi chachiwiri chinachitika pa 14 June 1866 pa Bang Dung [Bàng Ndumbwa] (mudzi ku Hao Duoc [Hào Đước]). Zidayambitsa kufooka kwa Champa, koma zidawononga miyoyo of Lt. Colonel MARCHAISE. Captor BEXJAMEN ndi 13 NCO ndi asirikali a 58th kampani 3^nd gulu lankhondo.

BAN Lachiwiri THƯ
4 / 2020

ZINDIKIRANI:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Paint, anabadwira ku Valenciennes - dera lakumpoto kwambiri ku France. Chidule cha moyo ndi ntchito:
+ 1905-1920: Kugwira ntchito ku Indochina komanso kuyang'anira mishoni kwa Kazembe wa Indochina;
+ 1910: Mphunzitsi ku Far East School of France;
+ 1913: Kuwerenga zaluso zachilengedwe komanso kufalitsa zolemba zingapo zaukadaulo;
+ 1920: Anabwerera ku France ndipo anakonza ziwonetsero zaluso ku Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - zojambula za Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, komanso zikumbutso zina ochokera ku Far East;
+ 1922: Akufalitsa mabuku onena za zokongoletsa ku Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Adalandira mphotho yayikulu ku Colonial Exhibition ku Marseille, ndipo adagwirizana ndi wopanga mapulani a Pavillon de l'Indochine kuti apange zinthu zamkati;
+ 1952: Amwalira ali ndi zaka 68 ndipo amasiya zojambula zambiri ndi zithunzi;
+ 2017: Ntchito yake yopenta idayambitsidwa bwino ndi mbadwa zake.

ZOKHUDZA:
"Buku"LA COCHINCHINE”- Anatero Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng ĐứcOfalitsa, Hanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
Mawu olimba mtima komanso oyimbidwa a Vietnamese akhazikika mkati mwa zolemba - zolembedwa ndi Ban Tu Thu.

ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 1
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 2
◊  SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊  GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊  BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊  THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊  AYO Athu - La Cochinchine
◊  TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊  COCHINCHINA