Zovuta Za ANTHU OPEREKA - Zovuta ZOKUKHALA - Gawo 1

Kumenya: 445

HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

     Chimodzi mwa HENRI OGERZojambula zikuwonetsa ngodya ya msika waukulu ngakhale si Msika wa Tết. Chipilala cha msika chimalembedwa ndi dzina la wojambulayo komanso komwe adachokera: "Gia Lộc district, Thạch Khôii village, Thanh Liễu commune - Nguyễn Văn Đảng". Kumanja kuli makola a nsomba ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi ogulitsa omwe amachita msuzi wa soya kapena zinthu zina ndipo kumanzere ndi malo osungira nyama ya nkhumba ndi ng'ombe, zotengera zisa, zisa ndi mpunga vermicelli…

    Pakumapeto kwa chaka, pamene misewu yamatawuni idadzala ndi anthu ambiri ndipo misika imadzaza. Mawu onena kuti: "Yadzaza ngati msika wa Tết!". Sikuti kukokomeza! Komabe makanema ojambula pamlengalenga wa T nott samangopezeka mwa akulu okha komanso pakati pa ana. Ana a mibadwo yosiyanasiyana amatsatizana wina ndi mnzake kupita kumisika ya Teát kumapeto kwa chaka.

    Ngati msika wotsiriza wa mwezi umachitika tsiku la 26 ndi 27 ndiye kuti nthawi ino udzatha mpaka tsiku la 30 makamaka kwa ana omwe azikapita kukagula zojambula, zopaka moto, zoseweretsa zina ndi sinamoni (Mkuyu .1) Izi zathandizanso kuti nyengo ya Tết ikhale yosangalatsa kwambiri.

 Pakhala pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamsika: msika wotseguka womwe umachitika tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo umadzaza ndi ogula, msika wapadera womwe umangokhala pa zikondwerero kapena m'ma mwezi kapenanso kamodzi pachaka. The Msika wamaluwa wa Hanoi, zomwe akuti zidayamba kale chiyambire zaka zana lino kapena kumapeto kwa Le ndi kuyamba kwa Nguyễn ma dynasties, amakonzedwanso kamodzi pachaka. Msika umakhala kwa milungu ingapo koma umakhala wotanganidwa kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku kwambiri sabata yomaliza mpaka chaka chatsopano. Zogulitsa zamitundu yonse yamaluwa ndi maluwa okongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera kuphatikizapo kumquat ndi nsomba zagolide. Komabe, Hanoian adazolowera kuzitcha kuti msika wa pichesi. Msika umachitika mwachikhalidwe limodzi Hàng Lược msewu, bedi lakale la Tô Lịch Mtsinje: “Kodi Mtsinje wa Tô zikuuma? Kodi mungawerenge bwanji maluwa a pichesi kumbali zonse za msika wa maluwa? ”

    Msika wa kumidzi imachitika kangapo pamwezi m'malo ena. Midzi imatsatira zomwe zidagwirizana: Msika udakhazikitsidwa m'mudzi uno pa 1 ndi masiku 6, m'mudzimo pa 2 ndi tsiku la 7, m'mudzi wina, pa 3^rd ndi masiku a 8, ndi mu linanso pa 4 ndi 9 masiku, ndi zina zotero.

    Ngati msika nthawi zambiri umachitika pa 1 komanso 6th tsiku loyambirira limatsegulira Tet nyengo izikhala pa tsiku la 26 la mwezi wa 12. Ngati msika umachitika pa 4, 9 kapena 5 ndi masiku 10, ake Tet gawolo lidzagwera tsiku lomaliza la chaka chamadzulo, mwachitsanzo, tsiku la 30 kapena tsiku la 29 (mu masiku 29 mwezi) ya mwezi wa thwelofu.

    pa Msika wa Tết, ogulitsa mashopu akufuna kugulitsa katundu wawo wonse kwa makasitomala. Komabe, msika wa Tết sili malo okhawo ochitira malonda kapena kusinthanitsa katundu ndi kusinthanitsa, komanso kulumikizana ndi kusinthana ndi chidziwitso, makamaka kumadera akumapiri.

    Masiku amsika anali masiku azachuma, zikhalidwe komanso zikondwerero ... zosintha mawonekedwe pomwe wina amaiwala zovuta m'minda ya mpunga ndi milpa. Msika kumadera otsika kwenikweni sunali msonkhano wa atsikana ndi anyamata monga momwe zimakhalira ndi misika ya kumapiri komwe kumawoneka zovala zachikhalidwe, maambulera ndi magule achikhalidwe amitundu yaying'ono monga Thái ndi Mèo. Komabe, kukhudza kwa izi kumatha kupezeka kudzera pa folksong:

"Pa Yên Quang m'ma mwezi wamsika.

Monga wokonda maluwa, ndimangodikirira kugula maluwa kwa iye yekha"…

    Misika yamidzi M'masiku akale nthawi zambiri ankakhala mozungulira madamu kapena kunyanja kumapeto kwa nyundo kapena pachipata cha mudzi kapena pamalo akulu. Nthawi zina zimakhazikitsidwa pansi pamitengo yayikulu ya mthunzi kapena poyimitsa boti. Mwina ndi chifukwa chake amatchedwa "Bwalo"(chợ: msika ndi búa: Malo okwerera maboti, mchilankhulo chakale cha Vietnamese).¹

    Mulimonsemo, misika imakhalabe malo ogulitsa ndi kugula, Henri Oger amatipatsa chithunzithunzi cha wachikulire wogulitsa akupita kukagula (Firiji.2). Awonetsedwe osati ambulera yomwe wagwirizira kunkhwapa koma m'manja mwake tsopano atanyamula zinthu zambiri ... Ndipo pambali pake panali banja losauka lomwe linagula zinthu zazing'ono zokha (Firiji.2).

    Pakati pa anthu omwe amapita kumsika masiku a Tết, pali ena omwe amangopita kukayenda kukasangalala ndi zochitika zosangalatsa kapena kumangotulutsa ndemanga zopanda pake komanso kukambirana, koma anthu ena ambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa pogula zinthu. Kutengera banja lililonse, mavuto azachuma komanso mavuto ena, komanso msinkhu kapena kugonana, kugula zinthu kumasiyana.

    Azimayi okalamba, kupatula kuyendera msika komanso mitengo yotsika mtengo angagule betel (Firiji.3,, areca nati, nthata za joss, maluwa, makeke ndi zinthu zina zamkati. Ponena za okalamba, chinthu choyamba chomwe amasamala ndi ulemu wamakhalidwe awo atavala zovala zawo, mathalauza oyera oyera okhala ndi timiyala towongoka, zovala zawo, komanso atavala zovala Gia Định nsapato zomwe tikhala ndi mwayi wowonera pambuyo pake. Osati ngati azimayi achikulire, amuna okalambawa amadera nkhawa mipukutu yatsopano yotsekemera, botolo lokoma ndi lonunkhira bwino la mowa wokhala ndi mpunga, phukusi la tiyi wokometsedwa bwino, ndi zikho ziwiri za shuga zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito ngati " ndodo ya kholo ”ndikuwonetsedwa paguwa.

    Ponena za atsikana achichepere, akamayendera mwakachetechete m'misika yaying'ono, amagula kalilole, chipeso, kerchief kapena chidutswa cha silika kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati lamba, makamaka, njoka yasiliva yofanana ndi unyolo. Sangaiwale kugula masamba a korona ndi ena "hương bài"(mtundu wa zofukizira) mizu kusamba kumapeto kwa chaka. Ponena za ana zaphokoso kwambiri - ali ngati gulu la njuchi zomwe zasiya mng'oma wawo.

    Amatsagana ndi agogo awo kapena makolo amalankhula, kuseka, kufunsa chinthu chimodzi kapena chimzake, makamaka maswiti ndi makeke kapena zoseweretsa. Akapatsidwa nyama yokhala ndi mpunga wachikuda ndi bango lomwe limapanga phokoso lokoma komanso losangalala, amatha kusewera nayo kwakanthawi kenako panthawi inayake imangoyimeza. Nthawi zina, amayesetsa kufunsa zinthu zina zadothi ngati mphika, chitofu, kamba kapena chophweka ...

    Akhozanso kufunsa zithunzi, ozimitsa moto kapena nthambi za sinamoni monga tanena kale. Kulowetsedwa pakati pa khamulo ndizovala zodekha, zobisika bwino, komanso zofiirira zofiirira. Kudzichepetsa kwa zovala zofiirira zotere kumawoneka ngati kukufika mwamanyazi. Ndi ma bonzes awa, zinthu zomwe amafunikira ndi mapepala osasunthika, timitengo ta joss, phonje lophika la mpunga womata, mpunga womata, chiponde, zitsamba, masamba, mafuta, mchere…

    Kuphatikiza apo, palinso gulu la amuna, achikulire ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi ulemu komanso ovala zovala zapamwamba ndi mathalauza omwe amangopita m'mashopu ogulitsa zinthu zosungidwira ophunzira a Confucian kapena akatswiri ndipo amangogula zinthu monga mapepala abwino , mapepala ena okhala ndi zikwangwani, masamba ena… komanso maburashi pang'ono ndi timitengo ta inki yaku India.

    Komabe, zogulitsa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndikugulitsidwa panthawiyi kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za anthu omwe akukondwerera mwambowo sizimangokhala zokhazo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, popeza pali mitundu yonse yazakudya. Kuyambira ndi masamba obiriwira a maranta amawonetsedwa panjira iliyonse. Potsatira pamabwera mpunga wamtundu uliwonse, kuyambira mpunga waukulu wosusuka, mpunga wamtundu wakung'ono, mpaka mpunga wamtundu wamba monga mpunga wamiyezi khumi, nyengo ya "du huong" (mpunga wosinthika wosiyanasiyana)… Koma anthu nthawi zambiri amasamala mpunga waukulu wosusuka ndi maluwa ake achikasu ndi tirigu wamafuta a mpunga, monga mpunga wocheperako, anthu ambiri saganiza zogula.

… Zipitilira gawo 2…

ZINDIKIRANI:
¹ Gwirizanani ndi Pulofesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
² Malinga ndi TRẦN QUỐC VƯỢNG - LÊ VĂN HÀO - DƯƠNG TẤT TỐ - Olemba mbiri achi Vietnamese - (Makhalidwe achikhalidwe a Spring ndi Vietnamese) - Hanoi, Culture Publishing House, 1976, masamba 95-98.

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

ZINDIKIRANI:
Chitsime: Chaka Chatsopano cha Vietnamese cha ku Vietnamese - Chikondwerero chachikulu - Asso. Prof HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
Images Zithunzi zolimba mtima komanso sepia zakhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz

ONANI ZINA:
◊  Kuyambira pa Sketches koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 20 kupita kumiyambo ndi zikondwerero zachikhalidwe.
◊  Chizindikiro cha mawu oti "Tết"
◊  Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano
◊  Zodandaula za ANTHU OIPA - Zokhudzidwa ndi KITCHEN ndi MAFUNSO - Gawo 2
◊  Chaka Chatsopano cha Vietnam Lunar - vi-VersiGoo
◊ etc.