Zovuta Za ANTHU OPEREKA - Zovuta za KITCHEN ndi CAKES

Kumenya: 1206

HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

      Munthawi yawo yaulimi, anthu aku Vietnam nthawi zonse amayenera kuthana ndi masoka achilengedwe, kusefukira kwa madzi ... osanenapo za nkhondo ... Pachifukwachi, pokonzekera kusangalala ndikusangalala Teet nthawi, ndi Vietnamese ayenera kudziwa momwe angapezere zinthu zonse… Mavutowa samakopa chidwi cha ochita kafukufuku Maphunziro aku Vietnamese monga obisika m'moyo wamba wa Vietnamese. Masiku ano, malinga ndi wochita kafukufuku H. Oger, zonse ziyenera kuwululidwa.

Zovuta za CHICKEN ndi CAKES

     Tisanalowe mnyumbamo, tiyenera kuyimirira kwakanthawi kwa chipata kuti tiwone zomwe zikuzungulira. Zimakhala chimodzimodzi tikukonzekera kulandira Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano. Tiyenera kuzisenza pang'ono ndi kudekha mtima ndipo tiyenera kudziwa kudikirira ndi kusangalala ndi masiku asanakumaneke ndi phwando labwino kwambiri.

     Choyamba tiyenera kutsatira HENRI OGER kuyendera malo abwinoko kuchitira banja. Cholinga chathu chachikulu si kuwona momwe banja limapangira zokongoletsera mnyumbayo kapena zomwe adagula pokonzekera chikondwerero. Cholinga chathu ndikuwona khola la nkhuku kapena nkhuku (Mkuyu .4)

     Kwa Vietnamese, ngakhale Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano akuti imawonedwa kwa masiku atatu okha, kwenikweni kukonzekera kwake kumapangidwa pafupifupi chaka chonse. Nkhuku ndi nkhumba Amadzuka m'mawa kwambiri kuti adzakula ndi kukhwima pofika nthawi ya Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano. Ponena za mabanja omwe angathe bánh chưng (keke lalikulu wopangidwa ndi mpunga wosalala, nyemba zobiriwira ndi nkhumba, komanso wokutidwa ndi masamba a mtengo wa maranta) akuyenera kukonzekera mpunga wosasuluka, nyemba zobiriwira… kuyambira koyambirira kwa Disembala. Ngakhale masamba a maranta, matepi a nsungwi amayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, osadikirira mpaka masiku angapo asanakwane Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano. Kodi amakonzekera bwanji zinthuzi? Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi minda yolimapo, akuyenera kutola masamba ogwa chaka chonse ndikuisunga pamwamba pamiyala yawo kukhitchini kuti ikulungike giyo (nyama yankhumba kapena ng'ombe)!

    Ponena za kupanga mikate yayikulu, mabanja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulunga mikateyo ndi masamba owiritsa a maranta, masambawo akataphika bwino, adzawamanga mozungulira zipilala zapanyumba kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Kwa mabanja omwe amakonda keke wokutidwa ndi masamba atsopano (masamba osasenda) kuti keke yophika yosawonekera ikhale yobiriwira, ayenera kugula masamba kuyambira pakati pa Disembala chifukwa mitengo ya masamba a maranta imasinthasintha kwambiri m'masiku omaliza a chaka.

     Ponena za poto wa “bánh chưng"(keke yosaka mpunga) mtundu wa keke womwe sungasiyidwe mu masiku 3 wa Chikhalidwe cha Vietnamese Tet.

     The "Chung keke”Imafunikira zida ziwiri zazikulu: mpunga wowonda ndi nkhumba. Kumpoto chakum'mwera, pakati pa ochepa "nawo"(gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a maãu kapena pafupifupi 360 mpaka 400 sq) m'minda yampunga yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kubzala mpunga, banja lililonse limasunga mphesa zochepa kubzala mpunga wosangalatsa (Chith. 5).

    Koma mpunga wosangalatsa wosankhidwa uyenera kukhala mpunga wachikasu woyamwa kapena wowaza onunkhira amene ali ndi njere zofanana zomwe zingapangitse mpunga wokakamira kuchitika chimodzimodzi. Nkhumba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera keke iyenera kukhala imodzi mwa nkhumba zomwe zimanenepa kuyambira mwezi wa 7 kapena 8. Anthu ena owoneratu chidwi amayamba kuyambitsa nkhumba zawo kuyambira mpunga wa mwezi wachisanu kuti awalemere ma kilos zana ku Tết.

    Kumadera akumidzi kumpoto, kuli mabanja omwe mamembala awo ndi ogwira ntchito, ogulitsa, ogulitsa… omwe alibe wina woti azisamalira minda ya mpunga, kuti azinenepetsa nkhumba, kotero ayenera kusonkhanitsa mabanja 5 kapena 7 kuti apange mtundu wa mayanjano ang'ono (mawu wamba ku Vietnamese ndi "đánh đụng”Kutanthauza kupha ndi kugawana) otchedwaNdili ndi chưng"(Mgwirizano wogawana keke yokongoletsa yayikulu), "Ayi giò"(Mgwirizano wogawana phala). Munthu woyang'anira kagulu kakang'ono kameneka amatenga, mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za banja lililonse, ndalama zambiri kapena zochepa kuti athetse nkhumba, kubzala mpunga kapena kugula mpunga. Chifukwa chake, Tết ikafika, gulu laling'ono limakhala ndi mpunga ndi nkhumba zokwanira kuti apange makeke osangalatsa achakudya ndi nyama zokutira nyama.

    Ponena ndi zida zina zowonjezera monga nyemba zobiriwira kapena masamba a marenta, mamembala ena amatha kuwasamalira. Mwambo uwu ukhoza kuvekedwa munthawi komanso malo osiyanasiyana, koma titha kufotokoza izi motere: Chaka chilichonse, kuyambira chaka cha 20 cha mwezi wa 12, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono ogawana makeke okongola ndi mikanda yodyedwa kuti afunsane wina ndi mnzake kuti patsani nkhumba, dulani nkhumba, gulani mpunga wokwanira (Firiji.6), ndikugawa nyemba zobiriwira ndi masamba a marenta.

     Ponena za nkhumba, ikagawika, chokhacho chomwe chikutsalira, ziwalozo zimatha kuwiritsa ndiye kuti zimaphatikizana. Pambuyo pake, cholinga cha mayanjano chimaganiziridwa kuti chikwaniritsidwa, wina amayembekeza chaka chamawa kuti asonkhanenso. Nthawi imeneyo, ziwerengero za mamembala zitha kuchepa kapena kuchepa ndipo munthu amene akuwayang'anira akhoza kupitiliza kugwira ntchito yake ngati ali ndi chidaliro cha mnzake. Zochita zodziwikirazi zikuwonetsa mgwirizano "mwadzidzidzi" anthu okhala m'malo onyowa mpunga.

     Malinga ndi Phan Kế Bính pantchito yake yotchedwa Zikhalidwe zaku Vietnam M'madera akumidzi, anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafuta osakaniza (*) a keke wambiri wampunga, nyama ya nkhumba, nyama ya ng'ombe, nyama ya mpunga - yotchedwa tontine posangalala Tet. Woyang'anira banki ya tontine amatenga ndalama mwezi uliwonse kuchokera kwa mamembala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo kuti apange phindu linalake, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka, ndalama zonsezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugula ng'ombe, nkhumba, ndi mpunga kuti apange makeke ndikugawa pakati mamembala a tontine kuti asangalale Tet. Mtundu uwu wa tontine umapangitsa aliyense kuti azilipira pang'ono pokha pang'ono, pomwe zimamuthandiza kuti asakhale ndi nkhawa akakhala Tet amabwera. Nthawi zambiri, pa nthawi ya Tet, banja lililonse limakhala kuphika mikate ya mpunga wosasamala wowerengeka pogwiritsa ntchito kilos 5 kapena 3 kapena mailos 10 a mpunga, kutengera ndi mavuto azachuma banjali, ndi mtsuko wa anyezi wokazinga kuti udyedwe ndi mafuta ndi keke yamkaka yosiririka yosemphana ndi chiganizo: "nyama yamafuta, anyezi wosankhika ndi ziganizo zofanana zofanana". Kuphatikiza apo, anthu abwino amatha kukhalanso ndi nyama ina yamafuta kapena mphika wa nsomba yophika yomwe imakhala yotentha mumkaka wa mpunga kapena onse awiri. Anthu olemera amatha kupanga nkhumba-nkhumba.

     Kupatula pazakudya zomwe zanenedwa, banja lina limakhalanso lokonzekera cockerel (tambala yemwe sanakokeretu nkhuku) yemwe adzaphedwe banja likapereka zopereka pa nthawi yopumira. Zabwino kuchitira kuti mabanja adakonzekerabe capon, wonenepa kuyambira mwezi wa 9 kapena wa 10, pochita phwando kukondwerera alendo awo olemekezeka ku Teet.²

     Kupatula nyama ndi makeke, munthu ayeneranso kukhala ndi nkhawa ndi mitsuko yaying'ono ya anyezi wosakhika omwe wakonzedwa kale koyambirira kwa Disembala kuti agwiritse ntchito Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano (Firiji.7)

      Ayeneranso kubzala ndi kuwaza minda yawo kuti mitengo yake izikhala ndi zipatso ndi maluwa pofika nthawi ya chikondwerero. Kuti izi zitheke, ayenera kukhala ndi luso komanso luso la minofu chikhalidwe, Ankalumikiza, kuphukira, kusoka, kuphukira ndi maluwa. Kunena za narcissus amene maluwa ake onunkhira bwino nthawi zambiri amatulutsa maluwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, amayenera kutengera ndikudulira mbewu kuyambira koyambirira kwa mwezi wa khumi ndi iwiri.

     HENRI OGER watipatsa zojambula za wokonza m'munda wosamalira maluwa ake.Firiji.8) Kupangitsa kuti mbewuyo itulutsa maluwa kufuna kwake.

     Kupatula maluwa ndi zokongoletsera zazomera (Firiji.9), anthu amasangalalanso ndi apurikoti oyera, camellia, kumquat, pichesi wofiira ndi woyera, bignonia… ndi zipatso zambiri. Zinthu zonsezi zimakonzedwa ndikusamalidwa chisanachitike chikondwererochi.

    Pofotokoza za zipatso, kutchulidwa kuyenera kupangidwa ndi kagawo ka zipatso zisanu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumidzi yaku Vietnam Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano. Pamagawo akumatauni, kumquat ndikofunikira. Thirani zipatso zisanu zimayikidwa pa guwa la makolo pomwe mtengo wa kumquat amakonzedwa mkati mwa nyumba. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti maphwandowa akhale osangalatsa komanso oyenera. Mtengo wa Kumquat Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mumphika wothinitsidwa ndi khungu la swamp-eel lopangidwa ku Hongkong, Thổ Hào or Ndi Quao omwe ndiopanga odziwika bwino a miphika ndi mitsuko ya enameled. Mitengo ya Kumquat Amayang'aniridwa mwaluso kuti athe kukhala olemera ndi zipatso zambiri zazikulu, zagolide ndi zokongola, masamba awo ndi owala osati obiriwira, ndipo timitengo tawo timakula mokhazikika ndi nthambi zolimba ndi mthunzi wozungulira. Connoisseurs amakonda kwambiri apadera kumquat zamtundu wa Vietnamese.

    Mbali pambali yakukonzekera kotsalira, kutengera kwanuko ndi banja, a Vietnamese Nthawi zambiri anali kuchita zinthu limodzi pokonzekera masiku atatu a Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano. Chakhala chizolowezi, mwachitsanzo, chizolowezi chomayeserera ntchito limodzi popanga makeke apakati kapena nyama yophika. Malinga ndi mchitidwewu, anthu amayenera kupereka ndalama mwezi uliwonse pachikwama, gawo lomwe limaperekedwa kwa wosunga ndalamayo yemwe ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri zogulira mpunga wosangalatsa, nyemba zobiriwira komanso nkhumba popanga makeke akuluakulu zomwe zidzagawidwa chimodzimodzi kwa aliyense wogawana pa Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano.

    Chifukwa cha mchitidwewu, olandirawo sangotenga nawo mwayi wopeza ndalama zochuluka zomwe zapatsidwa kwa aliyense mwakonzedwe kwakadali mwezi komanso adamveketsa bwino chikondwererochi chikubwera chifukwa sakhala otanganidwa komanso achangu kuthamangitsa kugula zinthu zofunika pachikhalidwe Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano.

   Kukonzekera kwa Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano (Tet) sikuti ndimangolingalira za alimi omwe amakhala otanganidwa chaka chonse ndi kubzala mpunga komanso nkhawa yofala yazamalonda ndi magulu. Pachaka, amalonda nthawi zambiri amatumiza katundu wawo kuti akagule zinthu zofunika kumapeto kwa chaka kuti azitha kugulitsa zinthu zonse pamsika wa Tết kuyambira pakati pa Disembala, makamaka zonena zakunja ndi ozimitsa moto.

ZINDIKIRANI:
¹ Gwirizanani ndi Pulofesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
² Tontine ndi thumba lomwe gulu la anthu limapereka Mawu oti tontine amachokera kwa Lorenzo Tonti, Neapolitan Banker yemwe adayambitsa dongosololi ku France m'zaka za zana la 17.
³ Malinga ndi LÊ TRUNG VŨ - Tết yachikhalidwe cha Vietnamese.

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

ZINDIKIRANI:
Chitsime: Chaka Chatsopano cha Vietnamese cha ku Vietnamese - Chikondwerero chachikulu - Asso. Prof HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
Images Zithunzi zolimba mtima komanso sepia zakhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz

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