GIA ĐINH - Cochinchina
Kumenya: 523
MARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. Geography Yakuthupi
KUYAMBA
Chigawo cha Giadinh [Gia Định] ili kum'mawa kwa Cochin-China ndipo imafalikira kumtsinje Saigon [Sài Gòn] mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 100, kuchokera kumalire a chigawo cha Tayninh [Tây Ninh] mpaka pagombe la Ganh Rai, ku Nyanja ya East. Matauni a Saigon [Sài Gòn] ndi Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] omwe anali a chigawo cha Giadinh [Gia Định], adalekanitsidwa ndi izi kuyambira pomwe adayamba kukhala a Mizinda. Dera lokongola kwambiri m'chigawochi ndiloposa mahekitala 180.000.
Zigawo zikumalire Giadinh [Gia Định] ndi: kumpoto, dera la Thudaumot [Thủ Đầu Một], kum'mawa, zigawo za Bienhoa [Biên Hoà] ndi Baria [Bà Rịa]; kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo, zigawo za Gocong [Go Cong], Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] ndi Tayninh [Tây Ninh].
II. Gawo Loyang'anira
Pamutu wa chigawo (monganso zigawo zina zonse za Cochin-China) pali woyang'anira wamkulu wa chigawo, mothandizidwa ndi wachiwiri kwa woyang'anira, yemwe amamuyimira pakafunika, motsogozedwa ndi Governor wa Colony. Mkulu wa chigawo amathandizidwa ndi khonsolo yowunikira, yotchedwa khonsolo ya chigawocho, ndipo motsogozedwa ndi woyang'anira ndiye otumiza, olemekezeka ndi atsogoleri amatchalitchi, ndi Meya a zigawo. Chigawo cha Giadinh [Gia Định] lili ndi nthumwi 4 (Govap [Gò Vấp], Thuduc [Thủ Đức], Hocmon [Hốc Môn], Nhabe [Nhà Bè]), Migodi 17 ndi zigawo 166.
III. Economical Yachuma
ZABWINO
Gawo la Giadinh [Gia Định] imagawidwa pawiri. a) Madera otsika amakhala m'chigawo chonse cha Saigon, chomwe chimachokera ku Saigon [Sài Gòn] kupita kunyanja. b) Madera okwera amchenga amakhala Saigon [Sài Gòn] kumalire a mayiko a Tayninh [Tây Ninh] ndi Bienhoa [Biên Hoà]. Magawo awiriwa amayenderana ndi zigawo ziwiri zachilengedwe mwazomwe amapanga. Madera abodza ochepa ali kwenikweni olima mpunga. Koma zigawo zomwe zili pafupi ndi nyanja ndizodzaza ndi madzi opanda pake komanso okutidwa ndi nkhalango zamtundu wa paludal; makamaka mangro. Zigawo zapamwamba zimakhala zolimidwa kwathunthu, kupatula dera louma la Cau An Ha [Cầu An Hạ]. Kuzungulira matauni akuluakulu a Giadinh [Gia Định], Govap [Pitani ku Vap], Thuduc [Thủ Đức] ndi Horoni [Hốc Môn], dzikolo lagawidwa kwambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ndipo lapeza phindu lalikulu. Kulima kwakukulu ndi kwa mpunga, nzimbe ndi fodya. Kulima mpunga kukuchepa chaka ndi chaka, kuchititsa kuti ntchito zobwezeretsa nzimbe ndi fodya zibwereke kwambiri. Zina mwazomera zachiwiri ndizoyang'anira msika, zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta m'misika ya Saigon [Sài Gòn] ndi Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn], mitengo yazipatso, chinanazi, chimanga, betel, mtedza wa kabichi, tiyi, koko, tsabola, etc. Pomaliza, chimodzi mwazambiri zachuma chazikulu ndizofunikira kwambiri hevea (mphira) minda.
KUSINTHA
Izi zimayimiriridwa makamaka ndi makina ambiri amagetsi ndi osenda opangira mafuta, komanso othandizira shuga, ma mill, ntchito za utoto ndi mapoto. Pali, zopitilira muyeso, chamiyala ndi chamalo am'mbuyo, mapepala opopera, ndi zolakwika zazikulu Thuduc [Thủ Đức], ndi ntchito yosodza pagombe.
NJIRA NDI KUTHANDIZA
Chigawo cha Giadinh [Gia Địnhili ndi misewu yofunika kwambiri ya misewu, yoposa 500 km. njira zosankhidwa, ndi zopitilira 1200km. ya misewu yopingasa yokhala ndi zitsulo zam'midzi kapena zomata zosatchulika. Dzikoli ladzaza ndi njanji yochokera Saigon [Sài Gòn] kwa Nhatrang [Nha Trang] (Annam [An Nam],, ndi tramway yamagetsi kuchokera Saigon [Sài Gòn] kupita ku Govap, ndi sitima yonyamula kuchokera ku Govap kupita ku Hocmon, ndi kuchokera Govap [Pitani ku Vap] kwa Laithieu [Lái Thiêu] (Thudaumot [Thủ Dầu Một]). Chigawochi chimathandizanso pamagalimoto ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mayendedwe am'madzi akutsimikiziridwa ndi kampani ya "Messageries Fluviales" ya Cochin-China, pakati Saigon [Sài Gòn], Cape St. Jacques ndi Baria [Bà Rịa], akuyitanira Thit [Thít] ndi Cangio [Ndi Gio].
MABODZA
Palibe chilichonse chosangalatsa chomwe chingatchulidwe pankhaniyi. Pali zikumbutso zochepa chabe zomwe zidzaonedwa: 1) Chikumbutso cha ku France chomwe adayikapo Chi Hoa [Chi Hoa], kukumbukira chikondwerero cha nkhondo ya dzinalo. 2) Manda a sub-lieutenant Lareniere wa gulu lankhondo lachi France, woyikidwa pafupi ndi Tayninh [Tây Ninh] mseu. 3) Manda a Bishop wa Adran, womangidwa ndi mfumu Gia Long [Gia Long], monga umboni wa kuyamika wopembedza kwa Monseigneur Pigneau de Bahaine. 4) Pagoda ndi manda a Le Van Duyet [Lê Văn Duyệt], wotchedwa Great Eunuch, wamkulu wa Emperor a Marshal komanso kazembe wakale wa Annamite ku Cochin-China (moyang'anizana ndi holo-tawuni ya Giadinh [Gia Định]). 5) Manda a Le Van Phong [Le Văn Phong], m'bale wa Le Van Duyet [Lê Văn Duyệt] (m'mudzi wa Tan Son Nhut [Tân Sơn Nhứt]). 6) Manda a Ndi Tanh [Ndi Tánh], komanso Marshal wa Gia Long [Gia Long] (m'mudzi wa Phu Nhuan [Phú Nhuận]). 7) Manda a Vo Di Nguy [Ndi Di Nguy], mnzake m'manja Gia Long [Gia Long] (m'mudzi wa Phu Nhuan [Phú Nhuận]).
VI. History
Giadinh [Gia Định] ndilo dzina lomwe ma Ananite oyamba adapereka kudera lomwe mtsinjewo udadutsa Saigon [Sài Gòn] amayenda. Pambuyo pake, mfumu Gia Long [Gia Long] adapereka mwalamulo ku dera lonselo pakati pa mitsinje Saigon ndi Mekong, ndipo Saigon inali tawuni yayikulu. Wolowa m'malo mwake, Mayi Manga [Minh Mạng], pokonzekera Lower Cochin-China, idapereka dzina lomwelo ku chigawo chomwe chimaphatikizapo zigawo za Tayninh [Tây Ninh], Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn], Gocong [Go Cong], ndi gawo la chigawo cha Tanani [Tan An]. Chigawochi chidatchulidwa dzina lake mzaka zoyambirira zaulamuliro ku France, koma kuyambira 1871, zidasinthidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pochepetsedwa pakukula kwake, chigawochi chinatchedwa dzina lina la mzinda waukulu: Superintendance of Saigon [Sài Gòn], ndi chigawo cha Saigon [Sài Gòn]. Mu 1874 atsogoleri a zigawo adasamutsidwira ku Binh Hoa Xa [Bình Hoa Xá], mudzi kunja, kumphepete kwa mtsinje wa 'Avalanche' ndipo pakadali pano ndi likulu la boma. Pomaliza, kuyambira 1889, madera adasinthidwa kukhala dera. Popanda kukhudza tsatanetsatane wina adadutsidwa kale ndi nzika zaku France, zitha kunenedwa kuti mbiri yachigawo cha Giadinh [Gia Định] imagwirizana kwambiri ndi mbiri ya Cochin-China. Vutoli limafotokozeredwa ndi malo ake am'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo Saigon [Sài Gòn].
BAN Lachiwiri THƯ
12 / 2019
ZINDIKIRANI:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Paint, anabadwira ku Valenciennes - dera lakumpoto kwambiri ku France. Chidule cha moyo ndi ntchito:
+ 1905-1920: Kugwira ntchito ku Indochina komanso kuyang'anira mishoni kwa Kazembe wa Indochina;
+ 1910: Mphunzitsi ku Far East School of France;
+ 1913: Kuwerenga zaluso zachilengedwe komanso kufalitsa zolemba zingapo zaukadaulo;
+ 1920: Anabwerera ku France ndipo anakonza ziwonetsero zaluso ku Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - zojambula za Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, komanso zikumbutso zina ochokera ku Far East;
+ 1922: Akufalitsa mabuku onena za zokongoletsa ku Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Adalandira mphotho yayikulu ku Colonial Exhibition ku Marseille, ndipo adagwirizana ndi wopanga mapulani a Pavillon de l'Indochine kuti apange zinthu zamkati;
+ 1952: Amwalira ali ndi zaka 68 ndipo amasiya zojambula zambiri ndi zithunzi;
+ 2017: Ntchito yake yopenta idayambitsidwa bwino ndi mbadwa zake.
ZOKHUDZA:
"Buku"LA COCHINCHINE”- Anatero Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng ĐứcOfalitsa, Hanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Mawu olimba mtima komanso oyimbidwa a Vietnamese akhazikika mkati mwa zolemba - zolembedwa ndi Ban Tu Thu.
ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Gawo 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA