Mbiri ya TET MAGAZINES ku Cochin China - Gawo 2
Kumenya: 461
HUNG NGUYEN MANH
… Zipitilira…
Kupanda ungwiro kwa anthu kumaphatikizapo kuganiza kuti anthu ena akudalitsidwa kwambiri kuposa iwo eni, pomwe, tsiku lililonse, amalandila madalitso ochulukirapo kuposa anzawo. Ngakhale dalitsolo likhale laling'ono motani, tiyenera kusangalala kukhala nalo, chifukwa limapangidwa lokha tokha monga pogona, ngakhale lili lochepa, limalimbanabe ndi mphepo, komanso zidutswa zakuthwa kwa bomba.
Komabe, pali njira zingapo zakusangalalira, pakati pomwe njira zachabe komanso zogwira ntchito ndi zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira nthawi yamasika ikabweranso.
Atolankhani ambiri panthawiyo anali atawunika kuchepa kwa zomwe zinali munthawi yachisanu m'zaka zisanu zapitazi.
Umu ndi momwe zinthu ziliri ku Cochin China zomwe Ho Bieu Chanh [Hồ Biểu Chánh] ndi m'modzi mwa mboni zakale.
Kuyang'ana ku Hanoi - komwe dziko lonse limakhala - atolankhani anali nawo, kudzera m'magazini onga Tri Tan [Tri Tân] (Kudziwa zatsopano) Thanh Nghi [Kutali Nghị] (Maganizo Aanthu) Trung Bac Chu nhat [Trung Bắc Chủ nhật]Sabata Yapakati ndi Kumpoto), wotsalira kuti tipeze chuma chambiri cholemba, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu a Atolankhani ndi Olemba. Kulunjika. nkhani zapakatikati pa Trung Bac Chu nhat [Trung Bắc Chủ nhật], Phong Hoa [Phong Hoá] ndi Ngay Ayi [Ngày Nay] anali atalanda malingaliro a owerenga Achichinchin.
Pankhani ya Phong Hoa [Phong Hoá] ndi Ngay Ayi [Ngày Nay], magazini amenewo anali atatsimikizira kuti malo awo oyambirira anali azosindikizidwa komanso zolemba zakale. Anthu okopa kulenga monga Ly Toet, Xa Xe, Bang Ban [Lý Toét, Xã Xệ, Bang Bạnh]… ndi chinthu chodabwitsa pakati pa mitundu yamagazini ndi manyuzipepala munthawi yoyambira imeneyo. Makamaka anthu monga Ly Toet ndi Xa Xe [Lý Toét, Xã Xệ]… anali atatulukanso m'magazini olembedwa achi French. Atolankhani, akukonzekera nkhani zakumapeto kwa magazini osiyanasiyana, anali atagwiritsa ntchito zojambula zomwe zimaimira anthu awiriwa - omwe amawoneka ngati wamba aku Vietnamese - motero, tidzakhala ndi mwayi wowadziwitsa owerenga athu mu nthawi yathu ya Springtime chaka chino.
A French atabwelera Saigon [Sài Gòn] kwachiwiri, magazini awiriwo Tuong Lai [Tương Lai] (tsogolo) ndi Phuc Hung [Phục Hưng] (Chitsitsimutso) anali wokonzeka kusangalala Teet [Tết] nthawi yakale kwambiri. Monga gawo lapadera, magazini awa akhala akuchita nawo ntchito yofalitsa makhadi a mayina okhala ndi moni wa Chaka Chatsopano [Năm mới] pazinthu zawo zapadera zomwe zimafalitsidwa kumapeto kwa chaka Binh Tuat [Bính Tuất] chaka (1946). Panthawiyo, fukoli linali litayambitsa nkhondo yawo yolimbana ndi aku France, koma magazini ya Phuc Hung [Ph Hc Hưng] idali ndi chiyembekezo choti pakhale mtendere mpaka kalekale.
“'Nthawi ya Masika a Binh Tuat [Bính Tuất] (1946), magazini ya Phuc Hung [Phục Hưng] imapereka zofuna zake kwa owerenga onse, poganiza kuti athe kusangalala: Mtendere - Freedom - chimwemwe".
M'nyengo yamasika (1947) Magulu atolankhani adadzaza ndi mayina ena monga: Viet Koma [Việt Bút] (cholembera cha Vietnamese), Tin Dien [Tin Điện] (Flash News), Ng'ombe za Kien [Kiến Thiết] (Womanganso), Su Icho [Sự Thật] (Choonadi), Len Dang [Lên Đàng] (Kuyambira paulendo), Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] (Cochin China), Wolemba Viet [Tân Việt] (Vietnam Watsopano), Tieng Goi [Tiếng Goi] (The Call). Komabe, panali awiri okha pakati pawo omwe anali oyenera kuwayang'anira. Awa anali nkhani ya masapota a Mr. ndi Mr. Koma Tra [Bút Trà] - mwachitsanzo Ng'ombe za Kien [Kiến Thiết] Kutulutsa kwamilandu kwa Lawyer Chin [Chín], ndi Nam Ky [Nam Kỳ] Kutulutsa kwa nthawi ya Masika kwa Mr. Truong [Trường].
Mu 1948 - Press idawoneka ngati yadzutsidwa ndi nkhani zapadera zosiyanasiyana za nthawi yachisanu zomwe zitha kuwonedwa ngati zowonjezera. Munthawi imeneyi, nkhani zapadera zosiyanasiyana za nthawi yachisanu zinapezekanso ndikupikisana wina ndi mnzake pakupereka Moni wa Chaka Chatsopano pansi pa mayina "osangalatsa mdziko lonse" monga Liberation Springtime [Xuân Giài Phóng] - Nthawi Yankhondo M'nthawi Yamasiku [Xuân Khói Lửa] - National Nthawi Yamasika [Xuân Dân Tộc]…
Monga gawo lapadera komanso monga mwa mafashoni otchuka - nyumba zingapo zofalitsa monga Wolemba Viet [Tân Viêt], Nam Kuong [Nam Cường] inafalitsanso nkhani zapadera za nyengo ya Spring. Ngakhale mabungwe a Cao Dai [Cao Đài] ndi Hoa Hao [Hoà Hảo] magulu ankhondo (Cao Dai ndi Hoa Hao ndi magulu azipembedzo) komanso Aroma Katolika Mabungwe [a Thiên chúa giáo] adasindikizanso magazini a nthawi ya Springtime, okhala ndi mayina owonetsa ngati: Sound of the Bell Springtime Magazine [Xuân Tiếng Kèn], Eastern Area Magazine a Magazine [Xuân Miền Đông], Fighting Springtime Magazine [Xuân Chiến Đấu]…
Komabe, polimbana ndi mawonekedwe okha - atolankhani amakhulupirira kuti nkhani zaposachedwa motsatizana za nthawi ya Spring, zomwe zidasindikizidwa mu 1949 ndi 1950 zinali zitsanzo zamagazini onse am'masiku amenewo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu wotereku kudawonekera bwino, mawonekedwe ndi zomwe zili, momwe atolankhani amaloledwa kusangalala ndi boma lofalitsa (kuyambira kumapeto kwa 1950) - koma atafika chaka cha 1951, magazini a nthawi yamasika adakananso. Zokwera ndi kutsika kwa atolankhani akuwonetseranso zosakhazikika pazandale komanso zachuma mdera lonse la Indochina.
Kodi munthu angagawe bwanji magazini a ku Spring ndi manyuzipepala okhudzana ndi zandale, zaluso, zikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe zawo ... zomwe zimawonetsedwa moona mtima - ichi ndichinthu chomwe chimafunikira ntchito yofufuza mozama, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana - njira zofufuzira, njira zakale , njira zophunzirira ndale…
Njira yofufuzira payokha siyinthu yophweka ngakhale tili ndi Magazini ena ambiri a nthawi yachisanu kuti tiwerenge monga Dong Kuposa Xuan [Đông Thanh Xuân] 1935 (Voice of the 0rient Masika 1935) lofalitsidwa ndi Dr. Tran Nhu Lan . Ayi Xuan [Ayi Xuân] (Sprin ya lerog), Tan Tien Xuan [Tân Tiến Xuân) (Kasupe Wamakono), Dan Ba Moi [Đàn Bà Mới] (Akazi Atsopano) lofalitsidwa ndi Bang Duong [Băng Dương], Sai Thanh Hoa bao [Sài Thành Họa báo] (Saigon wojambula), Tan Thoi [Tân Thời) (Masiku ano), Chitani [Kuchita] (Freedom), Dong Nai [Đồng Nai], Dong Duong [Đông Duong] (Indochina), Inu Gioi [Nữ Gới] (Dziko la akazi), Khoa Hoc [Khoa Học] (Sciences), Nyimbo [Sống] (moyo) - Kuwaza Bong [Chớp Bóng] (Movie), Van Hoc [Văn Học] chitha (Chikhalidwe cha sabata sabata), Ku Ban [Niết Bàn] (Nirvana)… Mwa magazini onse a Kasupe tiyenera kusamala kwambiri ena monga Mai (Mawa) lofalitsidwa ndi Dao Trinh Nhat [Nthawi Yathu], Van Van (Tân Văn) (Zolemba zatsopano) lofalitsidwa ndi Phan Van Thiet [Phan Văn Thiết], Ndi Bao [Nhựt Báo] (Nyuzipepala ya tsiku ndi tsiku) ndi Dan Moi [Dân Mới] (Anthu Atsopano) lofalitsidwa ndi Nguyen Bao Toan [Nguyễn Bảo Toàn] ndi Nguyen Van Mai [Nguyễn Văn Mai]. Tiyeneranso kudziwa za mphekesera zomwe atolankhani amakhulupirira kuti a Third Internationalists ali ndi Dai Chung [Đại Chung] (Misa) nyuzipepala ndipo a Fourth Internationalists ali ndi Lufuno Dagada [Tranh Đấu] (Kulimbana) Magazini yomwe inali ndi mikhalidwe yapadera komanso yoyambirira.
Komabe, polimbana ndi mawonekedwe ndikuwoneka kwa magazini apadera a Springason, titha kuwona kuti, pachiyambi pomwe, masamba awo anali ochepa kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi nyuzipepala wamba tsiku lililonse - sichoncho chifukwa zolemba ziyenera kukhala okhazikika pamitu ya Spring, ndiye kuti adasankhidwa mosamala? Magazini ya masika a Kutsatsa Lap [Chingwe cha Trung] (1933) ili ndi masamba 10 okha azithunzi wamba, ndi mtengo wogulitsa masenti 15; kunali kokha Xuan Phu Nu Tan Van [Xuân Phụ Nữ Tân Văn] (Zolemba Zatsopano za Akazi) yomwe inali yolimba ndi masamba 38 - masamba anayi achikuto adasindikizidwa makamaka m'mitundu yomwe inali yodabwitsa kwambiri, koma mtengo wogulitsa unali masenti 4 okha. Pa nthawi yomwe Kuposa Chung [Chần Chung] (Chozizwitsa Cha Bell) idayimitsidwa owerenga adasunga chidwi chawo kuti Phu Nu Tan Van [Phụ Nữ Tân Văn] wotchulidwa pamwambapa.The Special Spring Issue of the Duoc Nha Nam [Đuốc Nhà Nam] (Anthu a Vietnam a Tornmese) lofalitsidwa ndi Nguyen Phan Long [Nguyễn Phan Long] ndi Nguyen Van Sam [Nguyễn Văn Sâm] mu 1935 analinso lodziwika bwino lokhala ndi masamba 20, osindikizidwa bwino ndikugulitsa masenti 20 lililonse. Kenako mu 1936, magazini ya nthawi yachisanu yotchedwa "Vietnam", yofalitsidwa ndi Nguyen Phan Long [Nguyễn Phan Long], inali ndi masamba 24 ndipo idagulitsidwa ndi mtengo wotsika kuposa masenti 20.
Nkhani yotsiriza ya chaka Phuc Hung [Phục Hưng] (Kubwezeretsa) lofalitsidwa mu 1946 linali lalikulu ngati theka la magazini wamba tsiku lililonse ndipo linagulitsidwa 1 piastre.
Panthawiyo, zina zaposachedwa pa Springtime zinali zogulitsa mwachangu, osati chifukwa cha zithunzi zawo kapena zithunzi pazotsekera zawo - monga nkhani ya Springtime Issue Anh Sang [Anh Sáng] (kuwala) wa Lu Khe [Lữ Khê] - kapena chifukwa chamasamba awo ambiri ngati omwe adafotokozedwera Kuposa Chung [Chần Chung] (Chozizwitsa Cha Bell) ya Nam Dinh [Nam Đình], komanso chifukwa cha lottery yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito "kutsatsa" monga momwe zidachitikira Saigon Moi [Sài Gòn Mới] (Saigon yatsopano) lofalitsidwa ndi Mayi But Tra [Bút Trà]. Monga gawo lapadera, Nkhani Yophukira ya Doc Thay (Đọc Thấy) (Werengani ndi Kuwona) lofalitsidwa ndi Tran Van An [Trần Văn An], adagulitsidwa mwachangu chifukwa anali "nkhani zitatu m'modzi" ndipo adagulitsidwa ndi mtengo wokwanira, pomwe owerenga adaloledwa kutenga nawo mbali pampikisano ndi mphotho zingapo zomwe angapambane . Ponena za Kutuluka Kwamasiku a 'the Dan Quy [Dân Quý] (Anthu Okondedwa) lofalitsidwa ndi Phan Khac Suu [Phan Khắc Sửu] - wandale Kumwera - komanso Nguyen Van Mai [Nguyễn Văn Mai], idagulitsa bwino chifukwa cha zomwe zidawerengedwa ndi makanema ake.
Kuphatikiza apo, atolankhani sangapewe kupikisana wina ndi mnzake kuti atulutse magazini ndi manyuzipepala koyambirira; kudzera mu mpikisano wotere, a Kuposa Chung [Thần Chung] wa Nam Dinh [Nam Đình] adawafikira zomwe zidawerengedwa kale kuposa magazini ena onse./.
ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊ Mbiri ya TET MAGAZINES ku Cochin China - Gawo 1
BAN TU THU
11 / 2019