KUKOPA KWA CHAKA Chatsopano

Kumenya: 468

HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

Kukonzanso mipando ndi kuyeretsa nyumba

    zotsatirazi HENRI OGER ndi womupweteketsa, tsopano titha kuwona mzimayi wamkulu akusesa pabwalo la nyumba yake.

    Kwenikweni chinali chinthu wamba koma m'maso mwa Henri Oger zinali zokhudzana ndi zinthu zingapo pagulu. Chilichonse chitha kukhala ndi ntchito yake kuchokera ku udzu kupita kutsache. Koma m'masiku otsiriza ano a chaka ntchitoyo idakhala yofunika kwambiri monga kuyeretsa komanso kuyimitsa nyumba kuti ikhale yosangalatsa kuposa masiku onse kuyembekezera Chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano.

   Nyumba iliyonse inali ndi njira zakeyeretsa ndi kukonza. Pomanga nyumba njerwa, mwini wakeyo amakonzanso makoma.   

      Nayi chithunzi cha mwininyumba yemwe adatenga timitengo tiwiri tomwe tidakhudzidwa ndi wamatsenga ndikuyenda kuzungulira nyumbayo, kuwapukutira kuchokera padenga mpaka pansi kuti atithamangitse ziwanda ndi mizukwa yobisika (Mkuyu .1)

     Ndipo nayi chithunzi china chosonyeza munthu wopanda pake akuwongolera nyumba yake ndipo "Kutsuka zopembedzera zake" (mkuyu.2)

KUTSITSA ZINSINSI

    Nthawi zambiri, tsiku la 25 la mwezi thwelili limapembedzedwa. Tsiku lomwelo  Vietnamese kaŵirikaŵiri timitengo ting'onoting'ono ta ma joss ndi zozimitsira moto. Kupereka zinthu zopangidwa ndi mapepala monga ma thireyi, golide ndi siliva, zipewa ndi zipewa, nsomba, zimbalangondo… zimawotchedwa pomwe zinthu zina pa guwa la makolo zimatsukidwa, kutsukidwa ngakhalenso kutha ngati zatha kale. Henri Oger watisiyira matepi angapo azinthu zolemba pamalopa. Tiyeni tiwone miphika yamiyala yopangidwa ndi miyala (Firiji.3), ndi zamkuwa (Firiji.3).

    Miphika yonse iwiri ya josstick imayenera kupukutidwa mosamala. Polishers amakhala ndi vuto akamagwiritsa ntchito urni wopangidwa ngati chipatso cha apurikoti (Firiji.4) kapena phula losema bwino lamkuwa.Firiji.4).

    Ngati ma urn amapangidwa ndi mwala, sikuti pamafunika khama lochulukirapo. Popeza kuti mkombowo umakhala pamalo opulika kwambiri pa guwa, kupanga kwake kunafunikiranso maluso abwino komanso osiyanasiyana komanso zida zabwino kwambiri. Titha kuwona zinthu zamtengo wapatali mu (Firiji.4) (wowotchera zofukiza) kapena (Firiji.5) (urn ozungulira).

    Kuti tidziwe kufunika kwa ma urns okwera mtengo kuphatikiza omwe ali pachithunzi chachinayi, tiyenera kuwerenga mawu olembedwa achi China ndi amisiri omwe adapanga: "Urn iyi ndi yamkuwa ndipo mabanja olemera okha ndi omwe angakwanitse kukhala nayo. Ulendowu ndi nkhani yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polambira. ”

    In kumwera kwa Vietnam, nthawi zonse pamakhala thonje yazipatso pa guwa la makolo kuphatikiza pa zokumbira zamkuwa ndi zoyikapo nyali. Zinthu zina zozungulira zinali zosavuta kuyeretsa komanso kupukuta ngakhale pamwamba pake pali nyumbayo yokhala ndi khomo lotseguka kwambiri ndikusewera ndi ngale. Komabe zinthu zina sizinali zophweka kupukusa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyaka ngati "nsungwi za maso a bamboo" kapena "unicorn bamboo urns".

    The Vietnamese Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kokonati wothira mumadzi amchere a zipatso za carambola wowawasa komanso wosakanizidwa ndi phulusa lamchere lopaka utoto wamkuwa mpaka atakhala wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira.

    Nthawi zambiri, Vietnamese adasamalira zigawo zitatu kapena zida zisanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe zayikidwa paguwa la makolo kenako kukonza mosamalitsa "thireyi yoperekera"Firiji.6) pamwambo wopembedzera makolo. Magulu atatuwa (Firiji.6) wopangidwa ndi urn umodzi ndi zoyikapo makandulo. Zosanjikiza zisanu zimaphatikizanso ndi mafuta owonjezera. Kupatula zinthu izi, panali mphika wamkuwa ngati urn wokhala ndi mitengo yamadzi yamadzi (Firiji.7) ndi nsungwi zonyamula mitengo yonyamula miyala yamadzi.²

    Mu North, m'nyumba yopatula, guwa la makolo limakhazikitsidwa pakati, malo odziwika kwambiri m'nyumba. Ndi mabanja abwino, guwa limakhazikitsidwa m'malo awiri: mkati ndi kunja.

   The guwa lamkati lili ndi bedi lokongoletsedwa bwino lomwe pamtunda wa mita imodzi, chinthu chonsecho chimayikidwa kufupi ndi khoma lakumbuyo kwa magawo apakati.

    The piritsi la makolo (Bài vị) mwachitsanzo piritsi la dzina la wakufa (Thủn chủ) imayikidwa mkati mwa mtengo wamtengo bokosi la guwa (Khám) yomwe imawonetsedwa pazoyala kukhoma. Mabanja ena omwe mapiritsiwa adasinthidwa ndi a wopembedza mpando wachifumu (mulaudzi) kapena ndi wachifumu - cholowa chooneka ngati mapiritsi (cỗ Ngai) - kuyimiraudindo wa kholo kapena kholo ili.

    Ndi liti wopembedza mpando wachifumu wotchedwa “Ỷ"Ndipo imatchedwa"Ngayi”? Kwenikweni, "Ỷ” ndi “Ngayi"Ndizofanana, kupatula kusiyanasiyana kokha pakati pa mawonekedwe ake osema. Pankhani yaỶ", Mikono iwiriyo imapangidwa kuti ikhale mkati ngati bambo kapena phyllostachys, amatchedwa bamboo ngati mikono ya phyllostachys. Mutu wa mpando wachifumu sujambulidwa ngati mutu wa chinjoka, ngati umasungidwira anthu wamba. Kumapeto kwa mkono wa "Ngayi"Imawembedwa mutu wa chinjoka, ngati umasungidwira mabanja a mandarin, komanso kupembedza mafumu, ambuye ndi Genie.

    Pamaso paỶ"Adayikiratu trayaro atatu amiyendo ndi miyendo. Zomwe zili mkati, pafupi ndi khoma, ndizochepa ndipo zimakhala ndi a mapiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu-dais (tam ơn). Kunja ndikokulirapo.pafupifupi 80cm x 60cm) ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsera mbale zopereka pazakumbutso, masiku a chikondwerero kapena Tet. Matipi amkati ndi akunja amalekanitsidwa ndi a kupembedza nsalu wotchedwa “inu y”, Yopangidwa ndi nsalu kapena silika wofiira. Pafupi ndi "inu yNdi patebulo wa zofukizapo wokwera. Pakatikati pa tebulo lofukiziramo pali chowotchera zofukiza chadothi chogwirizira ndodo za joss. Kumbali zonse za zofukizirazo pali nyali ziwiri zowonetsedwa. Kumbuyo kwa wowotchera zofukizazo pali tebulo laling'ono pomwe pamaimikidwa mizere itatu yopembedzera yamatanda pomwe amaikapo makapu atatu a vinyo.

    M'mbuyomu, nyali zimayatsidwa ndi mafuta a nandolo, nyali ya nyali idayikidwa pambale, kotero, anthu aluso adagula bronze (Firiji.7) kapena kakhola kwamatabwa okhala ndi milomo yoluka ngati tsamba lotus kuti awonetse mundawo; ngati sichoncho, mbaleyo ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi makandulo. Pambali pa mbale zamtunduwu kunalinso chubu chamiyala chamtundu wophika ndi zitseko zokhomera kuti agwire timitengo ta joss.

    Panalinso mitsuko ikuluikulu iwiri yamaluwa yoyikidwa mbali zonse ziwiri komanso kumbuyo kwenikweni kwa magalasi awiriwo. Kenako, pomalizira pake, thireyi yamiyala yokometsera yooneka ngati galasi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungitsa mitundu isanu yazipatso zamwambo, idawonetsedwa pakati pomwe pamaso pa wofukizira; tidzakhala ndi mwayi wophunzirira nkhaniyi pambuyo pake.

    Zonsezi zopembedza zinthu, yowonetsedwa motsatizana, cholinga chake ndi kuvomereza mokwanira kudzimvera chisoni kochokera kwa mbadwa ponena za makolo awo. Koma, ndi mabanja omwe ali ndi mamembala omwe amawotcha mandarins, makamaka omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe kapena iwo omwe amalandila ndalama zachifumu, zowonjezera zina zimafunikira motere:

- A banja losankhidwa Lamulo lachifumu loti alandire gulu lowongolera liyenera kukhala ndi thunthu kuti likhazikitse lamulo lachifumu.

- Mabanja kukhala ndi ma mandarins kapena anthu omwe amapeza mayeso oyambira kulemba mayeso amatha kuwonetsa zinthu zina monga mbendera, zikwangwani, zigoli, ng'oma.

- Mabanja okhala ndi mandarins ankhondo, makamaka omwe ali ndi mapangidwe oyenera ayenera kuwonetsa zida zankhondo zomwe zimatchedwa kuti "Zida zisanu ndi zitatu"(Bát inu) - yopangidwa ndi mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya zida (mkuwa, nkhwangwa ndi nkhwangwa, mkondo, ndodo yayikulu…). Zida izi ndizopangidwa ndi matabwa kapena mkuwa. Komabe, mabanja achifundo komanso olemekezeka amafunabe njira zawo zophatikizira miyambo ya mabanja awo. Pachifukwa ichi, tikuonabe atapachikidwa pamwambapa ndi pamaso pa guwa la makolo "Bolodi yolumikizidwa bwino yokhala ndi zilembo zaku China"(Hoành phi) kapena “chizindikiro chachikulu cha calligraphic"(Ựi tự) atalemba zolemba za ku China monga. "Dc duy hinh"(ukoma umasunga ulemu ndi mbiri), "Đức lưu quang"(ukoma umasunga ungwiro), "M'malo mwake"(Mitengo imakhala ndi mizu). Palinso, kuwonjezera pa "Hoành phi"Ndikulendewera pamwamba pake," hoành phi "wokongola kakang'ono monga mawonekedwe a tsamba la bukhu lopindika. Tichokere pamalo omwe asungidwira guwa lansembe ndikuyang'ana pozungulira; tiwona pawiri zingapo za mitengo yayikulu yamatabwa-yomangidwa moyenerana ndi kapangidwe kakale kamene kakukulitsa ulemu, ulemu ndi kupatulika kwa malowa. Timayiwaliratu kutchulapo ziganizo zofanana zomwe zikulemekeza banja kapena kufotokozera zomwe zikuchitika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapachikidwa pamizati yokhala ndi ziganizo monga: (Zabwino za makolo zidzakhalabe zamphamvu ndipo zidzakhala zaka masauzande ambiri).

   Pomaliza, titha kuwona pamaso pa nsalu yotchinga ya silika yofiirakupembedza nyale"(tựng). Uwu ndi nyali yokhala mkati mwake momwe muli mbale yomwe ili ndi mafuta a nandolo ndi nyali. Pambuyo pake, atabwera olowa mdziko la France, anthu adalowetsa m'malo mwa nyali ya palafini yamagulu atatu. M'mizinda, kupembedzera kumalowedwa m'malo ndi babu woyatsira magetsi nthawi zambiri amayatsa usana ndi usiku. Makamaka pa Masiku atatu, monga pamasiku amenewo munthu amamva ngati mizimu ya makolo ake ilipo. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambazi zimapangidwa ndi zinthu monga mtengo wamtengo wapatali, mtengo wamkuwa. Anthu osauka amangofuna kuti azipanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi mitengo yazipatso ya jack, mtengo womwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba bolodi losindikiza ndipo silidyedwa ndi anthu ochita matabwa. Anthu aluso kwambiri akadakhala nazo zinthu izi.

    Mwambo wachikhalidwe cha anthu athu umafuna kuti, pakulowa chaka chatsopano, zonse ziyenera kukhala zatsopano, motero, pamaguwa m'mabanja onse zida zofukizira zonunkhira ndi zoyikapo nyali zonse ziyenera kupukutidwa bwino kuti zikhale zoyera komanso zangwiro kuwala. Pamaguwa akumbuyo komanso aulemu, zinthu zopembedzerazo zikuwonetsedwa mofanana m'magawo onse atatu, pomwe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndizamagawo atatu opembedzera (chowotchera zofukiza ndi zoikapo nyali ziwiri).

    Wofukizirayo amaikidwa pakatikati, pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa guwa, ndipo amagwira ntchito molimbika komanso mosiyanasiyana ndi mkatimo momwe mulibe phulusa, ndi chivindikiro chake chomwe chili ndi zokongoletsa monga pichesi, chipembere, Kireni… Imakongoletsedwanso ndi zilembo zachikhalidwe zachi China monga: Kupembedza kwamakolo, Mwana wamwamuna Wodalitsika, Madalitso, Chuma ndi zina zotero… Pamodzi ndi zokongoletsa zokongola ndizolemba zolumikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zofukizazo zizifalitsa utsi wake wonunkha.

   Zoikapo nyali zimayikidwa mozungulira mbali zonse za zofukizira. Amakhala ndi magawo atatu: m'munsi, thupi ndi mbale yozungulira yomwe imayikidwa pakati pazoyambira ndi thupi, cholinga chake ndicho kutolera phulusa lomwe limatsika kuchokera pa nyali. Pamwamba pa thupi lake pali chitseko chozungulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika kandulo, monga maziko ake, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chozungulira. Anthu Akumwera amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chowotchera zofukiza (kuyimira mphamvu zinayi), pomwe anthu aku Central ndi North Vietnam amakonda mtundu wozungulira (kuyimira dzuwa). Muli magulu osiyanasiyana amitundu yofukiza yamkuwa omwe amapitilira 80cm komanso wolemera kilos 10 kapena kuposa 10 kilos. Pomwe, pakati pa anthu ambiri, 40cm mtundu wapamwamba umagwiritsidwa ntchito; sizimakhala zamkuwa nthawi zonse, monga zimadalira ogwiritsa ntchito, omwe angakhale olemera kapena osauka. M'masiku apitawa, kuti akhale ndi zofukiza zonunkhira, mbadwa zimayenera kukhala theka-tsiku, kugwiritsa ntchito carambola, ndimu ndi mchenga kuti ulipukuse, kenako liumitse padzuwa katatu kapena kanayi musanabwezeretse paguwa.

    Masiku ano, tikukhala mu nthawi yamafakitale ndi malonda, kotero, kumayambiriro kwa Disembala, titha kuwona kulikonse olemba ntchito ali ndi mabokosi awo azida, okonzeka kupaka mitundu yonse yamkuwa ndi zinthu zachitsulo, makamaka patsiku la 23 la mwezi wotsiriza pomwe khitchini Mulungu amawombera kumwamba; patsiku lotere, olemba ntchito opukutira anali ndi ntchito zambiri kuti akwaniritse zofuna za anthu ...

    Ili pakhomo la Chaka Chatsopano chopatulika, zonse ndi zatsopano.³

ZINDIKIRANI:
¹ Gwirizanani ndi Pulofesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
² Malinga ndi BÌNH NGUYÊN LỘC - (Zowonongeka ndi zopindulitsa za Chikhalidwe kapena ma Tranquil Tets Kumwera- Saigon, Oriental Review, nkhani zapadera 19 ndi 20, Januware ndi February, 1973.

ZINDIKIRANI:
¹ Gwirizanani ndi Pulofesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
² "Hợp hương dĩ đồng chế" (msuzi wamkuwa ngati Urn wokhala ndi mitengo yamadzi).
³  Malinga ndi "ĂO TĂNG"Gulu la zofukizira ku Tết”- (Magazini a Anthu) lidalembedwa Jan. 24, 1999 - p.5

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

ZINDIKIRANI:
Chitsime: Chaka Chatsopano cha Vietnamese cha ku Vietnamese - Chikondwerero chachikulu - Asso. Prof HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
Images Zithunzi zolimba mtima komanso sepia zakhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu - adhanso.biz

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