Maholide ndi Zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana za WET RICE FARMER - Gawo 1
Kumenya: 499
HUNG NGUYEN MANH1
Phwandolo linali ndi mutu wakuti: “Mulungu wa zaulimi ndikubwera kuthengo ”
The chitukuko champunga wabweretsa ku Vietnamese zinthu zonunkhira za mpunga womata, womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makeke okometsera osapendekera komanso timiyala tosinjirira ta mpunga, pomwe kulima kwadzetsa dziko lino kukonda mbendera, buffalo, ndi khasu. Kuchokera pamenepa, yambani miyambo yambiri ya mpunga yokhudzana ndi Tet maholide ndi zikondwerero ku Northern Midland, dera lomwe limagwirizana kwambiri ndi ulimi.
At Hải Hưng, madera ena amachita phwando m'mwezi woyamba kulandira anthu Mulungu wa Zaulimi amene amabwera kuminda8. Udindo wa Mulungu wa Zaulimi ali ndi udindo kwa bambo wachikulire wathanzi yemwe amakhala m'deralo; amavala zovala zamwambo ndi nsapato zopanda chidendene, ndikuwakhazikika pansi pa ambulera. Atangomva phokoso losangalatsa la ngoma, Mulungu wa Zaulimi "adatulutsa zokongoletsera zake, ndikuvula nsapato zake zonyansa”Ndipo adatsikira kumunda wa mpunga kuti akabzale mbewu pa mzere. Pambuyo pake, anthu akumudzimo adaponya madzi pa Mulungu wa Zaulimi, ndi Mulungu kunanyowa, anthu a m'mudzimo anali osangalala pamene amalota za chaka chatsopano ndi madzi okwanira minda ya mpunga ndi mbewu zambiri zabwino.8
Chikondwerero cha "Craft presenting"
pa tsiku lachinayi la Tết, ndi Sai Đồng mudzi (Gia Lâm - Hà Nội) Ndi Bích Đại mudzi (Vĩnh Phú) ankakonda kupanga “luso popereka"Chikondwerero. Ng'oma zikagumuka pabwalo la nyumba yolumikizana, mlimi wachikulire amatulutsa njati kumunda (m'malo ena, ndi funso la njati yeniyeni yeniyeni kwina komwe njatiyo imayala ndi maudzu) pamodzi ndi mwana wachinyamata kuti ayambe kulima.
Kenako pakubwera mtsikana wina amene amafesa mbewu za mpunga pakati pa anthu akumudziwo, akumayembekezera kuti ulimi udzetsa mbewu zabwino ndipo adzakhala ndi chimanga chochuluka, mbatata, ndi paddy. Chakumapeto kwa phwandolo, wogwira ntchito pafamuyo anavula chovala chija ndikukudziwonetsa kuti ndi mtsikana wokongola, pomwe namsikana amafesa, atavala chovala chake, amakhala mwana wachinyamata; mawonekedwe a mnyamatayo kudzipanga ngati msungwana komanso mtsikana ngati mwana kumapangitsa kuti mlengalenga ukhale wosayembekezeka komanso wosangalatsa.
Kuyambitsa Kubzala Nthawi Yaulimi
Mwambo wotsegulira nyengo yolima ikuchitika anthu am'mudzimo atachita mwambowu kuti atsitse Tết mzati, panthawi yomweyi wamkulu akuvula zovala zake zamwambo, diresi ndi kuvala mkanjo wofiirira, wavala nduwira yoluka kumapeto onse awiri, ndi lamba wofiira m'chiuno mwake. Kenako, amanyamula njati yonenepa, yophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri yolima, kupita ku munda wampunga wokonzedweratu- osati patali kwambiri ndi malo opembedzerako.
Kufika pamalo a mpunga, amagwiritsa ntchito dzanja lake kutipukutira kumbuyo kwa njati ndi matako, kenako nkuzungulira khosi lake, kwinaku akuyang'ana kwambiri. Amapatsanso njokayo makeke owaza osirikiza pang'ono, ndipo akamaliza kudya, amaika goli m'khosi mwake ndikuwayendetsa mosavutikira njati yomwe imalima mizere ingapo yowongoka kutsogolo. Pomwe buffalo ikugwirabe, ng'oma ndi ma gong ponsepo, limodzi ndi zisudzo zisanu ndi zitatu za orchestra ndi kufuula kwa anthu am'mudzimo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malowo awoneke ngati malo otseguka.
Chithunzichi chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambachi chimapezekabe m'malo ena - M'malo ena - monga Thanh Hoa - pa Kuyambitsa Mwambo ndi Kulima Nyengo kuphatikizidwa ndi Miyambo kupembedza Mulungu wa Zaulimi ndipo imakondwerera tsiku lomwe limakhazikitsa nyengo ya tchuthi, ndicholinga chofuna kuti zokolola zizikhala zabwino ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, posonyeza kuyamika kwa anthu kwa mfumu yomwe idaphunzitsa anthu kutengana, kulima, ndikubala ma padd ndi mbatata zokoma . Kuphatikiza apo, a Kukhazikitsa Kukhazikitsa Nyengo Yokulima9 imakumbutsanso anthu, akukhala moyo chifukwa cha ma paddies, kuti akuyenera kuyang'anira ulimi ndikusamalira njati ndi ng'ombe zomwe ndi abwenzi okhulupilika kwa iwo.
Phwando Loyambitsa Mapiri
Mwambowu ndi wofala kwambiri kudera lamapiri la Mid-kumapiri komanso kumapiri-makamaka makamaka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ngati mitengo.
At Nghe An - "nkhalango yotseka tsiku”Ndiye 25 pa mwezi wa 12 wa mwezi. M'masiku otsiriza ano, palibe amene amaloledwa kudula mitengo ndikudikirira mpaka chaka chatsopano chidzafike pomwe nkhalangoyi yatsegulidwanso ndi "mwambo wotsegulira”Kupitiriza kugwira ntchito. Mwambo wotsegulira umatchedwa "Mwambo wotsegulira mapiri".
Mwambowu sukonzedwa ndi oyang'anira m'mudzimo (zimadziwika kuti midzi yaku Vietnamese imakhala ndi anthu ambiri okhala ndi mpunga omwe amakhala m'malo achonde) koma itha kukondwerera ndi mabanja kapena gulu la mitengo.
Munthawi ya nthawi kuyambira pa 4 mpaka 6 Masiku masiku, anthu amabweretsa zoperekedwa kukachisi wa "mapiri genie"Pachipata cha m'nkhalango kapena pa grotto kapena pansi pa mtengo uliwonse wakale, ndiye kuti amawotcha ndodo kuti apembedze ndikupemphera kwa"kusiya nkhalangoyi mwamtendere kuti ntchito yamatabwa ichitike popanda kugunda". Nsembe zophatikiza ndi zinthu wamba zimaphatikizanso nyama ina yaiwisi chifukwa iyi ndi mbale yomwe siziiwalika mu chakudya cha "Genie wa kuthengo".
Pambuyo pa mwambowu wopembedzedwa, anthu akunkhalangoko amapita kunkhalangomo ndi nkhwangwa komanso zomata ndipo amatenga mitengo ingapo kuti “akwaniritse” mawonekedwe akekhai ơn" mwambo. Kuyambira kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, aliyense amaloledwa kugwira ntchito yamatabwa awooletsa panthawi yomwe "nkhalango yatsekedwa"Mwachitsanzo nthawi yomwe Genie wa Phiri amasangalala nayo Tet.The Phú Lộc mudzi (Phong Châu) amachita mwambo wachilendo wotchedwa "Mwambo wopembedzera uta ndi mivi”Usiku wa tsiku la 6 la Tet. Usiku womwewo, anyamata ndi atsikana onse m'mudzimo abweretsa uta ndi mivi zawo kukachisi amene ali pa “Trám"(Canari) nkhalango kukondwerera "uta ndi mivi yopembedza".
Atamaliza kuwotcha timitengoti ndipo woyang'anira mwambowo atapemphera kwa jini, wachinyamata wolimba amalandira uta ndi muvi kuchokera paguwa kuti awombere tambala ndi nkhuku zowombedwa ndikuziyika pafupi ndi kachisi. Magazi a tambala ndi a nkhuku adzasakanikirana kuti akhale chopereka kwa jini. Chotsatira pakubwera kuvina kotchedwa kuvina kosaka pakati pa anyamata ndi atsikana ang'onoang'ono, atsikana kukhala preys ndi anyamata "osaka". Amavina osati menyimbo yokha komanso mwamphamvu pang'onopang'ono (anyamata woyamba, kenako kumabwera nthawi ya atsikana ang'ono). Kenako, okwatirana, amayang'ana malo oti akwaniritse zofunika kuchita mwambowo zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "tambala atakutira nkhuku".6
Tiyeni tiyesetse kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za mwambowu kuti titsegule chitseko cha kachisi kumapiri a Phú Lộc mudzi (Vĩnh Phú)10 pa chisanu ndi chimodzi Tet tsiku.
Chaka chilichonse, patsikulo, TEMPLE GUARDIAN (woyang'anira kachisi) amabweretsa tambala ndi nkhuku ndipo amapita ndi woyang'anira wamkulu kupita kumapiri oletsedwa kuti atsegule zitseko za Thượng (chapamwamba) templekupembedza Genius wa phiri Tản Viên ndi wogonjera wa Tiger). Amayenda ndi anyamata komanso atsikana angapo m'mudzimo - kuchuluka kwa anyamata ayenera kukhala olingana ndi atsikana achichepere, ndipo onse ayenera kukhala osakwatiwa. Achinyamatawo amavala zovala zam'chiuno, ovala nsapato, ndipo ali ndi nduwira pamutu pawo atakweza mbali zonse ziwiri: aliyense wa iwo amakhala ndi uta ndi mivi itatu.
Atsikana achichepere amavala zovala zazifupi komanso zopepuka koma opanda malaya. Pamalo omwe mwambowo umakondwerera, mauta ndi mivi zimayikidwa bwino paguwa lansembe, lodzaza ndi utsi ndi zofukiza. Pakadali pano, Guardian wa Kachisi ndi Woyang'anira wamkulu amapembedza mwachinsinsi mkatikati mwa kachisi, kenako amaika mbalame ziwirizo patsogolo pa kachisi. Pambuyo pake, achinyamata akumudzimo amabwera mkati, nawonso, kudzapempha akatswiri m'miyambo iyi ndi mivi yopembedzera. Kenako, amabwezeretsanso mauta ndi mivi zomwe zimaphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri, zomwe zimawalola kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo akawomberedwa. Koma, pompano, mivi iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwombera mbalame ziwirizo kuti ziwatulutse magazi. Kuchuluka kwa magazi kumasonkhanitsidwa pa mbale yachikale ndikuperekedwa kwa akatswiri, ndikuyamba kuvina kosaka. Uku ndi kuvina kotengera kusaka, nyama zakutchire za makolo athu m'mbuyomu.
… Pitilizani mu gawo 2…
ZINDIKIRANI:
1 Gwirizanani ndi Pulofesa HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Dokotala mu Phylosophy of History.
6 Malinga ndi LÊ TRUNG VŨ - Tết yachikhalidwe cha Vietnamese - Culture and Information Publishing House 1996 - mas. 125 mpaka 127.
8 Malinga ndi BÙI LIÊN NAM - Tết (Tsiku la Chaka chatsopano) ndi ulimi - Kubwereza kwamalamulo - Spring Đinh Sửu (chaka cha njati) 1997 - P.28.
9 Malinga ndi BÙI LIÊN NAM - Kuyambitsa Kubzala Nthawi Yaulimi - Ndemanga ya Investment - Đinh Sửu (Chaka cha njati) Masika 1997 - P.24.
10 Malinga ndi NGỌC ÁNH - Magazini ya Tết - Đinh Sửu (chaka cha njati) kasupe - p. 16.
BAN TU THU
01 / 2020
ZINDIKIRANI:
Chitsime: Vietnamese Lunar Chaka Chatsopano - Chikondwerero Chabwino - Asso. Prof HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Doctor of Phylosophy in Mbiri.
Images Zithunzi zolimba mtima komanso sepia zakhazikitsidwa ndi Ban Tu Thu adhanso.biz
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