Kuyesa kuphunzira CHITSANZO CHA Mbiri Yakale YA ZINSINSI ZOTHA KWAULERE - Gawo 3
Kumenya: 413
HUNG NGUYEN MANH
… Zipitilira…
Pa nthawi zisanu ndi ziwirizi, kodi amachita chiyani munthawi yake yopuma? Kodi adafalitsa mabuku aliwonse azikhalidwe zakugonana?
Kugonana kunafufuzidwa ndi anthu athanzi mdziko lapansi. Panali mabuku ngati Monga Sutra (India), Kugonana ndi Zen, Dao Ma kuphunzitsa kwachinsinsi, Zinsinsi zofunika za Ndi Phong (China). Makamaka, The Kwa Nu Book idabisika zakawonetsero zakale zaku China kuyambira Nyengo ya Thai Co (2,550 BC), Golden Age ya anthu, yokhala ochepa kwambiri kuposa lero. Mmodzi wa Mafumu atatu nthawi imeneyo (Phuc Hy, Kuposa Nong, Hoang De) adatchera khutu nkhaniyi. Phuc Hy apezeka Bát quái (Zithunzi zisanu ndi zitatu) komanso kuphunzitsa anthu zaukwati.
Zinali zopindulitsa dziko lathu kuti olamulira a ma dynasties osiyanasiyana sanaganizirepo zofalitsa zokhala ngati zolaula monga mabuku azolaula kuti azisangalala nazo. Ngakhale panali mafumu ena okonda, sanalembedwe m'mabuku aliwonse, kupatulapo za Le Long Dinh (986 - 1009), mfumu yomaliza ya Mndandanda wa Tien Le. Adalembedwa m'mabuku a mbiri yakale monga mfumu yosilira, yankhanza komanso yankhanza. Chifukwa chake anali ndi dzina lochititsa manyazi: Le Ngoa Trieu (A King Le, omwe nthawi zonse amakhala abodza pabedi lachifumu pomwe anali ndi bwalo lamilandu).
Nthawi zakumtendere (kasanu ndi kawiri), kaya ndi Ph.D. dissertation of the kafukufuku wa ku Japan adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mikangano yamagetsi yomwe idabweretsa nkhondo zamkati, koma zolembedwa zam'mbuyo, titha kupezanso zochitika zina monga za Mac Dang, Tran Thu Chitanikapena Ho Quy Ly.
Zinali choncho kuti Ana a mzera wa Hau Le zinayamba, kusamvana kwamphamvu kunachitika nthawi yomweyo3. Maguluwa adayamba kusiyanitsa pakati pa eni tawuni, abale amfumu, anthu okhala ndi nyumba zosiyana, makamaka, panali mikangano pakati pa amuna oyenera kupikisana pampando wachifumu (pakati pa Le Tu Te, mwana wamwamuna wamkulu, ndi Le Nguyen Long, mwana wamwamuna woyamba kubadwa) Ndi kuipitsa pakati pawo (Le Tu Te amadziwika kuti wachita misala).
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M'mbiri zamakono komanso zamasiku ano, kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 19 mpaka pano, Vietnam yasintha mawonekedwe pamakhalidwe olamulira kuyambira nthawi yolanda atsamunda m'dziko muno. Ngakhale zinthu zidasinthidwa, mfundo zoyambirira zamtunduwu zidaphunzitsidwabe m’banja lililonse kuchokera kumatauni kupita kumidzi. Akatswiri a zolembalemba anali ndi malingaliro atsopano, kulemba kwatsopano, chitukuko chatsopano cha Azungu. Njira yolembedwa ndi Aristotle idasinthiratu gawo lalikulu la momwe amaganizira a Confucius, a Kummawa. Akatswiri azamisala kapena zankhondo anali ndi zida zatsopano, njira zankhondo zatsopano, malingaliro atsopano, ndi zina zambiri.
Zaka masauzande zapitazo, Vietnam inali malo omenyera nkhondo yolimbana ndi adani achiMongolia ndi achi China okhala ndi zida zosavuta. Pambuyo pake, panali njira ziwiri zatsopano zamaganizidwe zomwe zidasinthira Vietnam kukhala malo omenyera nkhondo zamakono pogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo kumenyera: Maumboni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirira asirikali kulowa m'midzi, kapena nsikidzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zidziwike kayendedwe ka asirikali akumidzi yankhondo (nsikidzi zidakhala ndi njala kwanthawi yayitali kenako zidatsikira pansi m'nkhalango kuti zimve fungo laanthu kudzera m'mayendedwe a asitikali). Maluso ankhondo aku Vietnamese adagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo ya zigawenga komanso nkhondo yoletsa zigawenga. Magazi a anthu aku Vietnam ndi misozi idakhetsedwa, akuyembekeza demokalase, ufulu, ufulu, ndi chisangalalo. Uku kunali kulingalira kwathunthu kwa anthu onse nthawi Chidani ndi malingaliro amtundu uliwonse, kwawo konse, banja lililonse, aliyense payekha. Linali guwa lansembe lamakolo lomwe limakumbutsa dziko lathu kuti tizikondana. Kuyambira pamenepo, akatswiri azamabuku komanso masewera andewu anali ogwirizana kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Kodi ino ndi nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu yamtendere yomwe dziko lathu lalota? '
ZINDIKIRANI:
1: LÉON VANDERMEERSCH, Le nouveau monde sinisé, Paris: Seuil, 1985
2: Zankhondo Zankhondo Zisanu ndi ziwiri zikuphatikiza zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri zankhondo kuchokera ku mafumu a Chu, Han, Duong motere:
* Mafumu a Chu: 5
1. Luso la nkhondo lojambulidwa ndi Sun Tzu
2. Wuzi - Art wankhondo wolemba Wu Qi
3. Njira za Sima za Sima Rangju
4. Wei Liaozi wolemba Wei Liao
5. Ziphunzitso zisanu ndi chimodzi zachinsinsi za Jiang Ziya
* Mzera wa Han: 1: Njira zitatu za Huang Shigong
* Mzera wa Duong: 1: Mafunso ndi mayankho a Tang Taizong ndi Li Weigong a Emperror Taizong ndi Li Jing
3: Le Loi anali mfumu yomwe idagonjetsa magulu ankhondo a Minh, kutha zaka 20 zakulamulira ku China, ndikukhazikitsa Later Le Dynasty, ulamuliro wotalika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Vietnam.
Sources Magwero azithunzi: yan.vn, myahola.vn
ONANI ZAMBIRI:
◊ Kuyesa kuphunzira CHITSANZO CHA Mbiri Yakale YA ZINSINSI ZOTHA KWAULERE - Gawo 1.
◊ Kuyesa kuphunzira CHITSANZO CHA Mbiri Yakale YA ZINSINSI ZOTHA KWAULERE - Gawo 2.
BAN TU THU
11 / 2019